The Spectroscopy of Flames

Gaydon, A. G.

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-5720-6

Cited by 511 publications

(370 citation statements)

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“…Diesel ignition is strictly linked with chemiluminescence light emissions that take place during the combustion [20]. Dec and Coy [21]  When measuring the very weak emissions of CH* the sensitivity of the setup is fundamental, and even an intensified camera may not be able to catch the very beginning of cool flames [16].…”

Section: Diesel Ignition Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental characterization of diesel ignition and lift-off length using a single-hole ECN injector

Benajes

Payri

Bardi

et al. 2013

Applied Thermal Engineering

147

126

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Section: Diesel Ignition Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental characterization of diesel ignition and lift-off length using a single-hole ECN injector

Benajes

Payri

Bardi

et al. 2013

Applied Thermal Engineering

147

126

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“…The combustion of hydrocarbons is a highly complex process and many excited species were present in the flame, including free radicals, ions, atoms and electrons [64]. The ion concentration in a hydrocarbon flame is usually low [65], and UV emissions from hydrocarbon flames are primarily due to OH radicals.…”

Section: Oxidation Mechanism By Flame Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame treatment of low-density polyethylene: Surface chemistry across the length scales

Song¹,

Gunst

Arlinghaus

et al. 2007

Applied Surface Science

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The relationship between surface chemistry and morphology of flame treated low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was studied by various characterization techniques across different length scales. The chemical composition of the surface was determined on the micrometer scale by Xray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as well as with time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), while surface wettability was obtained through contact angle (CA) measurements on the millimeter scale. The surface concentration of hydroxyl, carbonyl and carboxyl groups, as a function of the ''number'' of the flame treatment passes (which is proportional to the treatment time) was obtained. Moreover, a correlation was found with chemical composition and polarity, emphasizing the role of oxygen-containing functional groups introduced during the treatment. Carboxyl functional groups were specifically identified by fluorescent labeling and the results were compared with the ToF-SIMS data. In addition, atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to evaluate changes in surface topography and roughness on the nanometer to micrometer length scales. After flame treatment, water-soluble low molecular weight oxidized materials (LMWOM), which were generated as products of oxidation and chain scission of the LDPE surface, agglomerated into small topographical mounds that were visible in the AFM micrographs. After rinsing the flame treated samples with water and ethanol, bead-like nodular surface structures were observed. The ionization state of flame treated LDPE surfaces was monitored by chemical force microscopy (CFM). The effective surface pK a values of carboxylic acid (-COOH) obtained by AFM were revealed by chemical force titration curves and the effective surface pK a values were found to be around 6. #

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“…Also shown in Fig. 1 is the computed production of OH* resulting from CH +Oz --, CO +OH*, which is the main process producing excited OH* radicals [15,16]. The time scale for OH* emission is governed by the rate of radiative decay of OH* to the ground state; this characteristic time is approximately 1 ps [15].…”

Section: Chemical Kinetics Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 is the computed production of OH* resulting from CH +Oz --, CO +OH*, which is the main process producing excited OH* radicals [15,16]. The time scale for OH* emission is governed by the rate of radiative decay of OH* to the ground state; this characteristic time is approximately 1 ps [15]. From these calculations, it is seen that the OH* emission correlates closely with the rapid energy release phase of the combustion cycle and signals the end of the induction period.…”

Section: Chemical Kinetics Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulse combustion: The quantification of characteristic times

Keller

Bramlette

Westbrook

et al. 1990

Combustion and Flame

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Measurements of the total ignition delay time in a pulse combustor have been made for several chemical kinetic ignition delay times and several fluid dynamic mixing times. These measured total ignition delay times are compared with calculated values of the characteristic time for mixing and with calculated values for the homogeneous ignition delay time. A chemical kinetic model was used to calculate the homogeneous chemical kinetic ignition delay time for conditions typical of an operating pulse combustor. Similarly, a fluid dynamic mixing model was used to estimate characteristic times for a transient jet of cold reactants to mix with an ambient environment of hot products to an ignition temperature. These calculated time scales compared well with measured values in both trend and magnitude. It has also been shown that a simple sum of the characteristic mixing times and chemical kinetics times provides a good first-order approximation to the total ignition delay time.

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The Spectroscopy of Flames

Cited by 511 publications

References 0 publications

Experimental characterization of diesel ignition and lift-off length using a single-hole ECN injector

Experimental characterization of diesel ignition and lift-off length using a single-hole ECN injector

Flame treatment of low-density polyethylene: Surface chemistry across the length scales

Pulse combustion: The quantification of characteristic times

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