The spectra of atmospherics from near lightning discharges

Horner, F.; Bradley, P. A.

doi:10.1016/0021-9169(64)90124-2

Cited by 34 publications

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“…With the above choice of Si(t), the binary ASK reduces to an OOK system. The received signal will be N n(t) = z ai6(t-ti) i=i (1) where the ti are independent random variables uniformly distributed in the interval (0, F) and N is the Poisson random variable. The amplitude ai is assumed to be independent and identically distributed with a pdf as suggested by Shinde [15 ], given by w(a) = 2/ [JT(l + a2)2 ], -°o< a < oo (2) The occupation time of the impulsive noise, when it occurs, has been reported to be of the order of 1 percent [4] .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Tuie impulsive nioise nmay arise as a result of sparking in electric systemis oi-natural phenomena like lightning, the latter giving rise to atmospheric radio noise [1][2][3] iis type of noise is usually observed as a number of high amplitude, low duratioin impulses superposed on a relatively weak background [4][5][6][7] Suchi noise is enicountered friom very low frequency bands to even microwave bands [8]. Tihe noise may be predominantly impulsive or continuous depending upon the frequency range of interest, geophysical location, time of day, anid season of the year.…”

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Digital Communication Systems in Impulsive Atmospheric Radio Noise

Jain

Gupta

1979

IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst.

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Analyses are presented of the performance of binary and M-ary coherent and noncoherent communication systems operating in the impulsive atmospheric radio noise environment. The receiver is usually a maximum likelihood detector for white Gaussian interference and therefore has the form of a parallel bank of matched filters followed by decision circuitry. By employing a Poisson or generalized Shot noise model for the impulsive noise with a suitable probability density function (pdf), closed-form expressions and bounds of error probabilities for M-ary noncoherent and coherent amplitude-shift keying (ASK), phase-shift keying (PSK), and frequency-shift keying (FSK) systems are obtained and the results discussed. ManuscriptIt is well kniown that muclh of the noise degrading the performance of radio communication is impulsive in nature.Tuie impulsive nioise nmay arise as a result of sparking in electric systemis oi-natural phenomena like lightning, the latter giving rise to atmospheric radio noise [1-3] iis type of noise is usually observed as a number of high amplitude, low duratioin impulses superposed on a relatively weak background [4-7] Suchi noise is enicountered friom very low frequency bands to even microwave bands [8]. Tihe noise may be predominantly impulsive or continuous depending upon the frequency range of interest, geophysical location, time of day, anid season of the year.At tropical latitudes, the noise is predominantly impulsive and is tlhe principal source of interference to radio conmmunications in the HiF band [3]. For evaluating the performance of any commllunication system, one requires a mathematically tractable model for impulsive noise wlhich is, of course, consistent witlh the observed clharacteristics.Thie amplitude probability distribution is reported to be non-Gaussian [5,15]. Studies of digital system performance in the face of impulsive noise are comparatively few [9 -18]. Zeimler [14] employed Poisson or generalized Shot noise model in obtaining the performance of M-ary colherent digital systems. The aimplitude of the noise has been assumed to follow a Gaussian distribution. Huynlh and Lecours [17] employed the samne noise model for the analysis of noncoherent systems, assuming the Gaussian distribution for noise amplitudes. By and large, very little explanation has been presented for the results obtained. Shinde [16] analyzed the performanice of binary systems by using an altogether different model of noise. However, the analysis is limited to binary systems alone.An analysis of the performance of digital systems. binary and M-ary, coherent and noncoherent, is presented for impulsive atmospheric noise. The noise model is assumed to be Poisson or generalized Shlot noise model with the amplitudes following the distribution proposed by Shinde [15] . Thiis probability density function (pdf) has been reported to be in excellent agreement with observations [16] While for binary systems it has been possible to evaluate precisely the performance values, only bounds could be worked out for highe...

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Digital Communication Systems in Impulsive Atmospheric Radio Noise

Jain

Gupta

1979

IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst.

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“…The VLF pulse rate seems to decrease fairly rapidly with distance, approximately following an inverse distance relationship. Horner and Bradley [4] found an inverse distance law for amplitudes, valid for distances of at least 20-200 km.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The solid line represents a distance dependence r-1.a (see below). Studies by Homer and Bradley [4] on the frequency of 6 kHz showed an inverse distance relationship between the average peak field strength and the distance, valid for at least 20-200 kin. For other distances a less pronounced decrease of the amplitude with the distance has been noted.…”

Section: ] Simultaneous Measurements Of Lightning and Vlf Activitymentioning

confidence: 95%

On the occurrence of very low frequency (VLF) electromagnetic radiation and its relation to some important physical conditions of the atmosphere

Bergh¹,

Israelsson

1984

Arch. Met. Geoph. Biocl., Ser. B

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SummaryContinuous recordings of VLF electromagnetic radiation were statistically compared with physical conditions of the atmosphere. The VLF level is closely associated with the distance to thunderstorms and therefore related to the dynamical weather processes. In agreement with previous studies, we found that the movement of the VLF sources is associated with the frontal system and especially with the passage of cold fronts. The VLF level is increased mainly by cold fronts of the anatype. The rainfall intensity is closely correlated to the electric discharge formation and thereby also to the VLF activity in the anafronts, while the katafronts often give rise to slight precipitation and few flashes of lightning. The atmospheric pressure changes accompanying the anafronts are largely correlated with the VLF level and the precipitation intensity. The mean diurnal and annual variations of the VLF level are determined by the occurrence of lightning activity. During the summer the daily trend is pronounced due to the insolation effect. The present study shows that the VLF level is determined to a high degree by fairly well defined areas with lightning discharges, which can be localized with automatic lightning location systems or forecasted by the weather services.

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“…Their data at 139 MHz is shown with a solid triangle in Figure 5. Extensive measurements over a wide range of frequencies were made by Horner and Bradley (1964). These data are shown with the solid line in Figure 5.…”

Section: Spectra From Direct Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of measurements of the RF spectrum of radiation from lightning

Vine

1987

Meteorl. Atmos. Phys.

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The spectra of atmospherics from near lightning discharges

Cited by 34 publications

References 3 publications

Digital Communication Systems in Impulsive Atmospheric Radio Noise

Digital Communication Systems in Impulsive Atmospheric Radio Noise

On the occurrence of very low frequency (VLF) electromagnetic radiation and its relation to some important physical conditions of the atmosphere

Review of measurements of the RF spectrum of radiation from lightning

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