“…While art education has had a longer history looking at technologies in the art classroom, only recently has the field of art education undergone a reconceptualization from disciplined-based art education to a field focusing on visual culture (Duncum, 2001(Duncum, , 2009Freedman & Stuhr, 2004). Within visual culture art education there is more emphasis on semiotics (Smith-Shank, 1995;Smith-Shank, 2004), critical theory and cultural studies (Chalmers, 2002;Darts, 2004;Freedman, 1994;Garoian & Gaudelius, 2004;Tavin, 2003), popular culture (Duncum, 1987;Manifold, 2009;Tavin, 2002;Tavin & Anderson, 2004), and digital visual technologies (Eisenhauer, 2006;Keifer-Boyd, 1997;Sweeny, 2004;Sweeny, 2005;Taylor & Carpenter, 2002). The focus on visual culture within art education has paralleled and drawn from broader scholarship in visual studies that has positioned the visual as an important site of socio-cultural meaning to communication in the 21 st century (Mirzoeff, 1999;Sturken & Cartwright, 2009).…”