The Specificity of Inhibitory Control Deficits in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Dissociation Between the Speed and Reliability of Stopping

Swick, Diane; Ashley, Victoria

doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102278

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Further, post hoc multiple 4c). Beside the change in mean stopping latency, increased variability of stopping latency can also impact one's ability to effectively stop responses (Band et al, 2003;Matzke et al, 2018;Swick & Ashley, 2020;Weigard et al, 2019). Hence, we tested whether mind wandering increased the estimated standard deviation of the SSRT distribution.…”

Section: Study 1: Beestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mind Wandering Impedes Response Inhibition by Affecting the Triggering of the Inhibitory Process

Jana

Aron

2022

Psychol Sci

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Mind wandering is a state in which our mental focus shifts toward task-unrelated thoughts. Although it is known that mind wandering has a detrimental effect on concurrent task performance (e.g., decreased accuracy), its effect on executive functions is poorly studied. Yet the latter question is relevant to many real-world situations, such as rapid stopping during driving. Here, we studied how mind wandering would affect the requirement to subsequently stop an incipient motor response. In healthy adults, we tested whether mind wandering affected stopping and, if so, which component of stopping was affected: the triggering of the inhibitory brake or the implementation of the brake following triggering. We observed that during mind wandering, stopping latency increased, as did the percentage of trials with failed triggering. Indeed, 67% of the variance of the increase in stopping latency was explained by increased trigger failures. Thus, mind wandering primarily affects stopping by affecting the triggering of the brake.

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Section: Study 1: Beestsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mind Wandering Impedes Response Inhibition by Affecting the Triggering of the Inhibitory Process

Jana

Aron

2022

Psychol Sci

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“…Several recent studies have demonstrated the importance of studying pTF. The probability of trigger failures increases in clinical populations compared to healthy controls (Swick and Ashley, 2020; Weigard et al, 2019), pTF increases when a participant is mind wandering compared to when they are focused on the task (Jana and Aron, 2022), and is modulated by reward (Doekemeijer et al, 2021). A recent study with a large sample size has suggested that the N100 event-related potential amplitude in an auditory stop signal task might be a marker of trigger failures (Skippen et al, 2020).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bridging the neural and algorithmic correlates of action-stopping

Jana

2022

Preprint

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Rapid stopping of actions is crucial for survival. The algorithm underlying action-stopping is often described using the independent race model, where the race between independent go- and stop-processes determines whether one is able to stop. However, it is unclear whether humans have neural correlates of these processes. Here, using scalp potentials from three studies, we show that the mu (8-13 Hz) desynchronization over the contralateral motor cortex follows the predictions of a go-process: the activity builds up till an action is made. We also show that the low beta (13-20 Hz) activity over the frontal areas follows the predictions of a stop-process: the activity builds up after the stop signal and prior to the stopping latency. Using these neural correlates, we observed that: 1) The failure to stop mostly results from a rapid go-process, 2) The go-process seems to be influenced by the stop-process during the late stages of action-stopping, 3) Intrinsic prefrontal beta activity has a retardive effect on movement, 4) Violations of independence assumption in the failed stop trials may result from the activity of the stop-process. Future studies may use these neural correlates to resolve the mimicry between models of action-stopping.

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“…However, in the current study, the use of the Trauma Film Paradigm allowed for consistency of the analog trauma event across the three conditions, which is important for ensuring that any between group differences are not an artifact of group-level differences in the characteristics of people's trauma. A further limitation is that we would have ideally in some way measured participants' preexperimental levels of cognitive control, given that deficits of cognitive control have been associated with PTSD (32). We nonetheless note that the random allocation of participants to condition may have helped to ensure that there were not any systematic differences in cognitive control between groups.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visuospatial Working Memory Tasks May Not Reduce the Intensity or Distress of Intrusive Memories

2022

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Cognitive interventions involving visuospatial tasks, such as the game “Tetris” have demonstrated efficacy in reducing the frequency of intrusive memories. However, it remains unclear whether these tasks also reduce the perceived intensity and distress of these memories. We investigated whether either of two visuospatial tasks: a Tetris intervention or Digital Corsi task, following the viewing of an analog trauma (film) resulted in decreased intensity and distress for intrusive memories over the following week, when compared to a control condition. Participants (n = 110) were randomly assigned to task conditions after viewing the film. Linear mixed models indicated no between-group differences for reductions in intensity or distress over the course of the week. These findings highlight an important boundary to the benefits of such visuospatial tasks, in that while they may be associated with reductions in intrusion memory frequency, individuals may nonetheless continue to experience distress when intrusions do occur.

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The Specificity of Inhibitory Control Deficits in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Dissociation Between the Speed and Reliability of Stopping

Cited by 12 publications

References 59 publications

Mind Wandering Impedes Response Inhibition by Affecting the Triggering of the Inhibitory Process

Mind Wandering Impedes Response Inhibition by Affecting the Triggering of the Inhibitory Process

Bridging the neural and algorithmic correlates of action-stopping

Visuospatial Working Memory Tasks May Not Reduce the Intensity or Distress of Intrusive Memories

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