The specific heat of liouid helium between 0.25 and 1.9°K

Kramers, H.C.; Wasscher, J.D.; Gorter, C.J.

doi:10.1016/s0031-8914(52)80156-9

Cited by 152 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…and Zilsel (1948), it is found that the observed heat flow exceeds the values calculated from (3) for slit widths of order'10-4 cm or less, the relative discrepancy becoming larger for small slit widths and low temperatures (see Table 1,. column 5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 63%

“…Values of x' calculated from (11), using the above values of land c, and values of S taken from Kramers, Wasscher, and Gorter (1952), are plotted as a function of temperature in Figure 1. Although the ratio Xo/(X(3)+X'), given in Table 1, clearly does not depart from unity to the extent that Xo/X(3) does, there is considerable lack of agreement between x' and the experimental points.…”

Section: Oomparison With Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…INTRODUCTION Heat transport in liquid helium II is considered to be an internal convection process (London and Zilsel 1948;Gorter and Mellink 1949). A temperature gradient gives rise to a fountain pressure gradient grad p =pS grad T, ( 1) where p is the total density of the fluid and S its entropy per unit mass.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Transport of Heat Through Narrow Channels by Liquid Helium II

Klemens¹

1955

Aust. J. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryIn narrow channels (,....,10--4 em) the observed heat transport is considerably larger than calculated by the internal convection theory. It is suggested that, because of the anisotropy of the distribution cf phonons in the channel walls resulting from the temperature gradient, the normal fluid in the immediate vicinity of the walls is not at rest but flows towards the colder region. The magnitude of the resulting heat transport is in reasonable agreement with the observed discrepancy.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 63%

Section: Oomparison With Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Transport of Heat Through Narrow Channels by Liquid Helium II

Klemens¹

1955

Aust. J. Phys.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Figure 1 shows the decoupling conditions, as well as calculated values for the bracketed term of the coupling factor α, obtained by using the entropy data of Refs. [15][16][17], and by assuming ideal mixture between the two helium isotopes. Superfluid and normal fluid densities in mixture were evaluated according to Refs.…”

Section: Sound Conversion and Coupling Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decoupling of first sound from second sound in dilute He3–superfluidHe4 mixtures

2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Riekki, Tapio; Manninen, M. S.; Tuoriniemi, Juha Decoupling of first sound from second sound in dilute 3He-superfluid 4He mixtures Bulk superfluid helium supports two sound modes: first sound is an ordinary pressure wave, while second sound is a temperature wave, unique to superfluid systems. These sound modes do not usually exist independently, but rather variations in pressure are accompanied by variations in temperature, and vice versa. We studied the coupling between first and second sound in dilute 3 He -superfluid 4 He mixtures, between 1.6 and 2.2 K, at 3 He concentrations ranging from 0% to 11%, under saturated vapor pressure, using a quartz tuning fork oscillator. Second sound coupled to first sound can create anomalies in the resonance response of the fork, which disappear only at very specific temperatures and concentrations, where two terms governing the coupling cancel each other, and second sound and first sound become decoupled.

show abstract

“…This article must therefore be hereby marked "advertisement" in accordance with +2(1 -Q) ln(l-Q) [14] in which Scmv and Snf are the entropies corresponding to the conventional and configuration xartition functions, respectively. The results are compared with the experimental data (23,24) in Fig. 3.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Significant structure theory applied to liquid ⁴ He

Ryoo¹,

Jhon²,

Eyring³

1980

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The large kinetic zero-point motion of 4He molecules has been properly taken into account in the significant structure theory of liquids in orderto describe the liquidity of liquid 4He. The Debye and the Bose-Einstein partition functions are used for the solid-like molecules of the normal fluid component and for the whole gas-like molecules, respectively. The solid-like molecules of the superfluid component are considered as ground state molecules without having positional degeneracies. The Bragg-Williams approximation of an order/disorder phase transition has been applied to the X transition of liquid 4He. Thermodynamic and surface properties of liquid 4He have been calculated up to the critical point. The results are satisfactory when compared with the observed values.Liquid 4He is an exciting subject for the study of thermodynamic and transport properties of matter because of its remarkable properties. Although there have been numerous experimental and theoretical studies of liquid 4He, few theories can explain its equilibrium properties quantitatively from nearly absolute zero up to the critical point. The theories of Landau and Feynman concerned with elementary excitations explain the equilibrium properties of liquid 4He near absolute zero (1). But difficulties arise at higher temperatures because the excitation spectra become more complicated. The structure of liquid 4He is also an interesting subject. X-ray (2-5) and neutron (6-8) scattering data show that there is a short-range correlation in liquid 4He, in either He-I or He-II, and that there are no appreciable changes of structure during the X transition. This fact indicates useful applicability of significant structure theory (9-11) to liquid 4He. Hence, we attempt here to explain the equilibrium thermodynamic and surface properties of liquid 4He by applying significant structure theory.The significant structure theory of liquids regards a liquid as having a quasi-lattice structure in which the sites are occupied by molecules or fluidized vacancies of molecular size. It has been successfully applied to various liquids (9-11) including quantum liquids such as liquid hydrogen (12) (16,17) of order/disorder phase transition to explain the X transition of liquid 4He while taking into account the kinetic zero-point motion of the molecules.We will first derive the partition function for the liquid and then evaluate the thermodynamic and surface properties from the partition function. The results will be compared with the experimental data. PARTITION FUNCTIONThe description of liquid 4He requires another partition function for the X transition in addition to the conventional one for the liquidity. So, the partition function is written as fN = fconv * fconf [1] in which fconv is a conventional partition function describing the liquidity and fconf is a configurational partition function to explain the X transition.In order to obtain fconv, the X situation at absolute zero is considered from the viewpoint of the significant structure theory. Because all...

show abstract

The specific heat of liouid helium between 0.25 and 1.9°K

Cited by 152 publications

References 1 publication

The Transport of Heat Through Narrow Channels by Liquid Helium II

The Transport of Heat Through Narrow Channels by Liquid Helium II

Decoupling of first sound from second sound in dilute He3–superfluidHe4 mixtures

Significant structure theory applied to liquid ⁴ He

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

The specific heat of liouid helium between 0.25 and 1.9°K

Cited by 152 publications

References 1 publication

The Transport of Heat Through Narrow Channels by Liquid Helium II

The Transport of Heat Through Narrow Channels by Liquid Helium II

Decoupling of first sound from second sound in dilute He3–superfluidHe4 mixtures

Significant structure theory applied to liquid 4 He

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Significant structure theory applied to liquid ⁴ He