The specific characters of the Eimeria, with special reference to the coccidia of the fowl

Joyner, L. P.; Long, P. L.

doi:10.1080/03079457408418109

Cited by 29 publications

(32 citation statements)

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“…Earlier studies were based only on post mortem results (Renault & Maire, 1969;Renault, 1972;Mureau, 1980). It is well known that for reliable diagnosis, a range of criteria must be used (Joyner & Long, 1974;Kucera, 1989Kucera, , 1991. For these reasons, in 1994 we carried out a study over a large area of France, including several types of chicken and farm management.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey ofEimeriaspecies in commercially‐reared chickens in France during 1994

Williams¹,

Bushell²,

Répérant

et al. 1996

Avian Pathology

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SUMMARYIn a survey of chicken coccidia in France during 1994, samples of litter were collected from 41 farms. On 31 of these farms, eimerian oocysts were abundant enough to allow monitoring of their numbers in the litter. Peak total oocyst counts on these farms ranged from 16,200 to 1,254,000/g of litter, but no coccidiosis was observed. The chickens reared without anticoccidial agents in their food (poulets biologiques) produced higher and earlier peak oocyst counts in litter than the chickens given medicated food (poulets labels). The oocysts in litter samples from 22 farms (13 poulet biologique, five poulet label, two standard broiler, one breeder and one layer) of the original 41 were identified. Six of the seven eimerian species known to parasitize chickens were found, using combinations of five methods (oocyst morphology, intestinal lesions, enzyme electrophoresis, growth in embryonating eggs and prepatent time). Multispecific infections predominated (95% of 22 farms), up to six species occurring together. Of farms where oocysts were detected, the percentages with each species were: Eimeria acervulina (100%), E. mitis (82%), E. tenella (77%), E. maxima (73%), E. praecox (45%) and E. brunetti (27%). These appear to be the first definite records of E. mitis and E. praecox for France. Although E. necatrix was not found in this survey, it had recently been detected by other workers in France, so that all seven chicken Eimeria species were known to be contemporaneous.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey ofEimeriaspecies in commercially‐reared chickens in France during 1994

Williams¹,

Bushell²,

Répérant

et al. 1996

Avian Pathology

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show abstract

“…Pots were kept refrigerated ( approximately 4°C) until the oocysts in the litter samples were counted by a standard method (Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Food, 1986). No attempt was made to identify the species of oocysts in the litter because it is known that they cannot be readily distinguished by their morphology alone (Joyner & Long, 1974). On the last day of the production cycle, litter samples taken for oocyst counts were also assessed for moisture content by evaporating them to dryness.…”

Section: Analyses Of Litter For Oocyst and Moisture Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of an attenuated anticoccidial vaccine and an anticoccidial drug programme in commercial broiler chickens in Italy

Williams¹,

Gobbi²

2002

Avian Pathology

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A live attenuated anticoccidial vaccine (Paracox) was compared with a nicarbazin-monensin anticoccidial drug shuttle programme in three crops of Italian broilers, comprising a total of 290 405 chickens. All birds received the antibiotic growth promoter avilamycin. No coccidiosis was evident during the trials, but the occurrence of oocysts in the litter demonstrated that a natural challenge was present. Vaccinated birds consistently performed at least as well as those treated with the anticoccidial drug shuttle. The final mean weights of vaccinated birds were significantly greater (P < 0.001) than those of birds treated with anticoccidial drugs, both for females at 36/37 days and males at 56 days. Feed conversion ratios, total mortality including culls, the proportion of rejects at the processing plant, and the moisture content of the litter were not significantly different between the two control methods. Growth curves showed that there was no post-vaccinal growth check in the vaccinated birds and no intolerance of the anticoccidial drug treatment. There was no overall seasonal effect, regardless of treatment, on the performance of the three crops reared from November 1997 to July 1998. These findings suggest that the use of this vaccine is likely to enable the replacement of anticoccidial drug shuttle programmes in broilers reared under conditions similar to those used in these Italian flocks.

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“…The latter include prepatent period, site of development within the intestine and the morphological appearance of oocysts in the faeces and endogenous stages in the intestinal mucosa (Joyner & Long, 1974). The presence of parasites may be confirmed by examination of the host post mortem or by faecal examination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a diagnostic PCR assay for the detection and discrimination of four pathogenic.Eimeriaspecies of the chicken

et al. 1998

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We describe a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay for the detection, identification and differentiation of pathogenic species of Eimeria in poultry. The internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) regions of ribosomal DNA (rDNA) from Eimeria acervulina, E. brunetti, E. necatrix and E. tenella were sequenced and regions of unique sequences identified. Four pairs of oligonucleotide primers, each designed to amplify the ITS1 region of a single Eimeria species, were synthesised for use in the PCR assay. In tests on purified genomic DNA from all seven species of Eimeria that infect the chicken, each of the four primer pairs amplified the ITS1 region from only their respective target species. The robustness of the approach was further demonstrated by the amplification of specific DNA fragments from tissues of experimentally infected animals and from oocysts recovered from field samples. We conclude that the ITS1 regions of Eimeria species contain sufficient inter-specific sequence variation to enable the selection of primers that can be applied in PCR analyses to detect and differentiate between species. In future work they may provide excellent markers for epidemiological studies.

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The specific characters of the Eimeria, with special reference to the coccidia of the fowl

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

A survey ofEimeriaspecies in commercially‐reared chickens in France during 1994

A survey ofEimeriaspecies in commercially‐reared chickens in France during 1994

Comparison of an attenuated anticoccidial vaccine and an anticoccidial drug programme in commercial broiler chickens in Italy

Development of a diagnostic PCR assay for the detection and discrimination of four pathogenic.Eimeriaspecies of the chicken

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