The Species of Hermetia of the aurata Group (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)

James, Maurice T.; Wirth, Willis W.

doi:10.5479/si.00963801.123-3603.1

Cited by 24 publications

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“…Genera included because I happened to be familiar with their mating behaviour or because of directed reading after the original list was complete are marked with ' $ ', and families without genera with unprotected females ( Frohne & Frohne (1954), Downes (1958Downes ( , 1969, Service (1970), Hunter (1979a Perry (1979) Dahl (1965), Downes (1969), Savolainen &. Syrjämäki (1972) Thornhill & Alcock (1983) Shelly &Whittier (1997) Chvála (1980) Kessel (1959) Kessel (1959) Poulton(1913), Downes (1970) ÍCessel ( Mannheims & Theowald (1951 Lindner (1930) Hesse ( Lindner (1938), James (1935), Rozkosny(1983) Thompson (1997) Thompson (1981) Thompson (1991) Thompson (1981), Vockeroth (1983), He & Chu (1996) Kröber ( Raspi(1983Raspi( , 1984Raspi( , 1985, McAlpine (1971McAlpine ( , 1972 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Male–female conflict and genitalia: failure to confirm predictions in insects and spiders

Eberhard¹

2004

Biological Reviews

117

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Some recent models suggest a new role for evolutionary arms races between males and females in sexual selection. Female resistance to males is proposed to be driven by the direct advantage to the female of avoiding maleimposed reductions in the number of offspring she can produce, rather than by the indirect advantage of selecting among possible sires for her offspring, as in some traditional models of sexual selection by female choice. This article uses the massive but hitherto under-utilized taxonomic literature on genitalic evolution to test, in a twostep process, whether such new models of arms races between males and females have been responsible for rapid divergent evolution of male genitalia. The test revolves around the prediction that 'new arms races' are less likely to occur in species in which females are largely or completely protected from unwanted sexual attentions from males (e.g. species which mate in leks or in male swarms, in which males attract females from a distance, or in which females initiate contact by attracting males from a distance).The multiple possible mechanical functions of male genitalia are summarized, and functions of male genitalic structures in 43 species in 21 families of Diptera are compiled. Functions associated with intromission and insemination (e.g. seizing and positioning the female appropriately, pushing past possible barriers within the female, orienting within the female to achieve sperm transfer), which are unlikely to be involved in new arms races when females are protected, are shown to be common ( > 50 % of documented cases). This information is then used to generate the new arms race prediction: differences in genitalic form among congeneric species in which females are protected should be less common than differences among congeneric species in which females are vulnerable to harassment by males. This prediction was tested using a sample of 361 genera of insects and spiders. The prediction clearly failed, even when the data were adjusted to take into account several possible biases. Comparative analyses within particular taxonomic groups also failed to show the predicted trends, as did less extensive data on other non-genitalic male display traits. Arms races, as defined in some recent models, seem to have been less important in male•female coevolution of genitalic structures than has been suggested. By elimination, alternative interpretations, such as traditional female choice, which do not predict associations between female protection from harassment and rapid divergent evolution, are strengthened.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Male–female conflict and genitalia: failure to confirm predictions in insects and spiders

Eberhard¹

2004

Biological Reviews

117

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“…Commonly known as the “black soldier fly,” Hermetia illucens do not feed in the adult stage, but the larvae colonize and feed on decaying animal and plant matter (James, ). This species is of economic interest, because their juveniles are associated with the cycling of organic matter (Diener, Solano, Gutiérrez, Zurbrügg, & Tockner, ) and are used in the production of animal feed (Barroso et al, ; De Marco et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological description of the immature stages ofHermetia illucens(Linnaeus, 1758) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)

Barros

Gutjahr

Ferreira-Keppler

et al. 2018

Microscopy Res & Technique

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In the dipteran genus Hermetia, only 6 of the 78 valid species have documented immature stages: H. albitarsis Fabricius, 1805, H. aurata Bellardi, 1859, H. concinna Williston, 1900, H. illucens (Linnaeus, 1758), H. panamensis Greene, 1940 and H. pulchra Weidemann, 1830. In particular, H. illucens stands out due to its reported applicability for forensic, medical and economic purposes. Here, we described the morphology of eggs and immature stages of this species, with a view to detecting differences between instars and in the pupal stage, which should eventually help properly identifying larval age. We utilized both optical and scanning electron microscopy tools. The eggs are elliptical and elongated, and color varies from cream white to yellowish. The larvae are apodal, hemichephalic and holopneustic, flattened dorso‐ventrally and may be recognized by the head elongated, dorsal and ventral chaetotaxy of the cephalic capsule, thoracic and abdominal segments, and the morphology of the anterior and posterior spiracles. The pupae are adecticous and coarctate, tegument dark brown and pruinescence varying from brown to golden. The overall morphology across instars is similar, but marked variations were observed in the shape of the antennal articuli and the shape of the setae (first instar compared to the others). Our results supplement the biological information on Hermetia illucens and should aid the proper identification and aging of juveniles in the field, as a way to minimize errors in the calculation of the post‐mortem interval.

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“…Black soldier ßies have a relatively long life cycle of Ϸ40 d, with the larval stage lasting Ϸ22Ð24 d at 27ЊC (Furman et al 1959;Sheppard et al 1994;Tomberlin et al 2002a,b), making them useful for estimating min-PMI for human remains that have been decomposing for weeks instead of days. In addition, unlike blow ßies that feed on only tissue, soldier ßies can consume a wide range of decomposing organic material, from compost and fruits to manure (James 1935). All of the feeding is done in the larval stage, with larvae acquiring a large fat body to use as energy for pupation, adult survival, and reproduction (Tomberlin et al 2002a,b).…”

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confidence: 97%

Influence of Resources on <I>Hermetia illucens</I> (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Larval Development

Nguyen¹,

Tomberlin²,

2013

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Arthropod development can be used to determine the time of colonization of human remains to infer a minimum postmortem interval. The black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens L. (Diptera. Stratiomyidae) is native to North America and is unique in that its larvae can consume a wide range of decomposing organic material, including carrion. Larvae development was observed on six resources: control poultry feed, liver, manure, kitchen waste, fruits and vegetables, and fish rendering. Larvae fed manure were shorter, weighed less, and took longer to develop. Kitchen waste produced longer and heavier larvae, whereas larvae fed fish had almost 100% mortality. Black soldier flies can colonize human remains, which in many instances can coincide with food and organic wastes. Therefore, it is necessary to understand black soldier fly development on different food resources other than carrion tissue to properly estimate their age when recovered from human remains.

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The Species of Hermetia of the aurata Group (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Male–female conflict and genitalia: failure to confirm predictions in insects and spiders

Male–female conflict and genitalia: failure to confirm predictions in insects and spiders

Morphological description of the immature stages ofHermetia illucens(Linnaeus, 1758) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)

Influence of Resources on <I>Hermetia illucens</I> (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Larval Development

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