Natural
and artificial radioactivity of agricultural soils poses
significant environmental and health risks, necessitating detailed
spatial analysis and hazard assessment. This study examines the spatial
distribution of natural and artificial radionuclides (NOR and Cs-137),
gross α and β activity, and in situ dose rates in agricultural
soils through statistical and geostatistical techniques. NOR, Cs-137,
and gross β activity exhibited high values and outliers, highlighting
distinct distribution patterns. The Cs-137-altitude regression model
consistently increased Cs-137 by 0.03 Bq/kg/m in height. Spatial distribution
of natural radioactivity implies geology as a primary factor influencing
the NOR distribution. However, analysis of spatial clusters and outliers
unveiled geochemical variability for Ra-226 and Th-232, while the
K-40 distribution appeared spatially random, potentially linked to
agricultural activity. Additionally, a significant disparity in the
distribution of K-40 by land use was identified, potentially attributable
to potassium fertilizer application. Despite variability, average
NOR values (394 Bq/kg for K-40, 22.5 Bq/kg for Ra-226, and 24.8 Bq/kg
for Th-232) fall within UNSCEAR ranges. Gamma-emitting radionuclide-induced
doses and risk primarily impacted nonresidential areas. These findings
can be used in land use decisions, guide the development of contamination
mitigation strategies to ensure safe agricultural practices, and help
predict areas at risk of higher contamination for targeted remediation
efforts.