The spatiotemporal distribution of Japanese Encephalitis cases in Yunnan Province, China, from 2007 to 2017

Mao, Xiang-hua; Zhou, Hongning

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0231661

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…Although this is only a rough estimate, it would correspond to a clinical incidence of 2.8 to 5.8/100,000 JEV cases per year. In comparison, Mao et al (2020), and Tian et al (2015), estimated the average annual incidence of JEV cases in Yunnan and Changsha provinces, China, to be 0.16/100,000 (in 2017, after 10 years of vaccination program) and 0.15/100,000 respectively, by collecting hospital data for 6 to 10 years [ 82 , 83 ]. After 19 years of follow-up, Montini et al (2020) estimated an incidence of 0.16/100,000 cases per year in Malaysia [ 84 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the predicted average age at infection in the modeled villages was very low, (ranging from 2 to 11 years old). Since young children are more likely to develop severe forms after JEV infection, as well as severe sequelae [ 2 , 33 , 82 , 84 , 85 ], these results and the current knowledge we have about JEV circulation in Cambodia would justify to intensify child immunization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modelling Japanese encephalitis virus transmission dynamics and human exposure in a Cambodian rural multi-host system

2022

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Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a vector-borne zoonosis and the leading cause of human viral encephalitis in Asia. Its transmission cycle is usually described as involving wild birds as reservoirs and pigs as amplifying hosts. JE is endemic in Cambodia, where it circulates in areas with low pig densities (<70 pigs per km2), and could be maintained in a multi-host system composed of pigs, but also poultry as competent hosts, and dogs, cattle and humans as non-competent hosts. We used a mathematical model representing Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) transmission in a traditional Cambodian village that we calibrated with field data collected in 3 districts of Kandal province, Cambodia. First, R0 calculations allowed us to assess the capacity of the epidemiological system to be invaded by JEV and sustain virus transmission in villages in the 3 districts, and we predicted human exposure at the epidemiological equilibrium, based on simulations. Changes in spatial density of livestock, in agricultural practices, and epizootics (e.g., African swine fever), can profoundly alter the composition of host communities, which could affect JEV transmission and its impact on human health. In a second step, we then used the model to analyse how host community composition affected R0 and the predicted human exposure. Lastly, we evaluated the potential use of dog JE seroprevalence as an indicator of human exposure to JEV. In the modeled villages, the calculated R0 ranged from 1.07 to 1.38. Once the equilibrium reached, predicted annual probability of human exposure ranged from 9% to 47%, and predicted average age at infection was low, between 2 and 11 years old, highlighting the risk of severe forms of JEV infection and the need to intensify child immunization. According to the model, increasing the proportion of competent hosts induced a decrease in age at infection. The simulations also showed that JEV could invade a multi-host system with no pigs, reinforcing the assumption of poultry acting as reservoirs. Finally, the annual human exposure probability appeared linearly correlated with dog seroprevalence, suggesting that in our specific study area, dog seroprevalence would be a good proxy for human exposure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling Japanese encephalitis virus transmission dynamics and human exposure in a Cambodian rural multi-host system

2022

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“…Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), belonging to the genus Flavivirus of the family Flaviviridae , is a major causative agent leading to viral encephalitis in Asia [ 1 ]. Especially, the disease (Japanese encephalitis, JE) caused by JEV has been continuously threatening the pig industry in China [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Genetic Characteristics of Japanese Encephalitis Virus among Mosquitoes and Pigs in Hunan Province, China from 2019 to 2021

Tang¹,

Deng²,

Tan³

et al. 2022

J. Microbiol. Biotechnol.

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Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), the causative agent of Japanese encephalitis (JE), is an importantly zoonotic, vector-borne virus widely prevalent in Asia. Although JE has been well controlled in China, its prevalence remains a huge threat to the pig industry as well as human health. Herein, we report on our molecular and serological investigations of JEV among pigs from different regions in Hunan Province of China from 2019 to 2021. Collectively, 19.27% (583/3026, 95% Confidential Interval (CI) 17.86-20.68) of sampled pigs were positive for JEV IgG antibody as revealed by indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the seroprevalence of JEV among pigs was significantly associated with the development stage and breeding scale (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, 10.99% (42/382, 95% CI 7.86-14.13) of tissue samples of pigs with suspected clinical symptoms of JE and 23.44% (15/64, 95% CI 13.06-33.82) of mosquito batches were JEV-positive via reverse polymerase chain reaction. In addition, the complete E gene sequences of 14 JEV strains identified in this study were amplified and sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all 14 JEV strains belonged to genotype I-b and displayed a distinct genetic relationship to the present JEV vaccine strain (SA14-14-2). In conclusion, our results revealed not only the severe prevalence of JEV in Hunan Province, but also that JEV I-b might be the predominant genotype in Hunan Province, suggesting therefore that effective measures for JE control are urgently needed.

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Trends in temporal and spatial changes of Japanese encephalitis in Chinese mainland, 2004–2019: A population-based surveillance study

Sun,

Fu,

et al. 2024

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease

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The spatiotemporal distribution of Japanese Encephalitis cases in Yunnan Province, China, from 2007 to 2017

Abstract: BackgroundJapanese encephalitis (JE) is a vector-borne disease with a high prevalence in Yunnan Province, China. However, there has been a lack of a JE epidemic systematic analysis, which is urgently needed to guide control and prevention efforts.

Cited by 7 publications

References 35 publications

Modelling Japanese encephalitis virus transmission dynamics and human exposure in a Cambodian rural multi-host system

Modelling Japanese encephalitis virus transmission dynamics and human exposure in a Cambodian rural multi-host system

Prevalence and Genetic Characteristics of Japanese Encephalitis Virus among Mosquitoes and Pigs in Hunan Province, China from 2019 to 2021

Trends in temporal and spatial changes of Japanese encephalitis in Chinese mainland, 2004–2019: A population-based surveillance study

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