The spatio-temporal distribution of mesoscale convective complexes over the Southeastern Western Siberia

Analysis of Sprite Activity in Middle Latitudes

“…It is well known that MCS, due to their structure and large horizontal dimensions, are capable of accumulating large charges, which, on the one hand, contribute to high lightning activity and, on the other hand, allow the development of positive lightning discharges, characterized by high current and transferred charge. The territory considered in [12] is a forest-swamp zone with a swamp area of 40% to 90%, a forest-steppe zone with a swamp area of up to 25%, and a large number of lakes, which in the summer season increase the moisture content and convective potential of the atmosphere. Additionally, in the southeast, there are mountain systems, which also contribute to lightning activity.…”

“…Altai is clearly visible on the final map, which is due to the constantly high number of sprites from year to year. The formation and development of MCSs in the territory from 70 • to 90 • east longitude and from 50 • to 60 • north latitude were studied in detail in [12], that is, exactly where the average sprite activity has maximum.…”

Changes of meteorological quantities and background activity of ionizing radiation during the passage of mesoscale convective complexes

“…MCC are characterized by large size and existence duration, also a complex inside structure [13][14][15] . They are found in various regions of the globe, including Western Siberia [16][17][18][19] . Since the beginning of the 21st century, a significant increase in convective instability, thunderstorm frequency, and related phenomena have been noted in Western Siberia [20][21][22] .…”