The spatial relationship between human activities and C, N, P, S in soil based on landscape geochemical interpretation

Abstract

The development and formation of chemical elements in soil are affected not only by parent material, climate, biology, and topology factors, but also by human activities. As the main elements supporting life on earth system, the C, N, P, S cycles in soil have been altered by human activity through land-use change, agricultural intensification, and use of fossil fuels. The present study attempts to analyze whether and how a connection can be made between macroscopical control and microcosmic analysis, to estimate the impacts of human activities on C, N, P, S elements in soil, and to determine a way to describe the spatial relationship between C, N, P, S in soil and human activities, by means of landscape geochemical theories and methods. In addition, the disturbances of human activities on C, N, P, S are explored through the analysis of the spatial relationship between human disturbed landscapes and element anomalies, thereby determining the diversified rules of the effects. The study results show that the rules of different landscapes influencing C, N, P, S elements are diversified, and that the C element is closely related to city landscapes; furthermore, the elements N, P, and S are shown to be closely related to river landscapes; the relationships between mine landscapes and the elements C, N, P, S are apparent; the relationships between the elements C, N, P, S and road landscapes are quite close, which shows that road landscapes have significant effects on these elements. Therefore, the conclusion is drawn that the response mechanism analysis of human disturbance and soil chemical element aggregation is feasible, based on the landscape geochemical theories and methods. The spatial information techniques, such as remote sensing and geographic information systems, are effective for research on soil element migration.

Spatial-temporal variation and source analysis of heavy metal in urban and peri-urban soils：The case study of Beilun District (Ningbo, China) from 2015 to 2022

“…The accumulation of heavy metals in peri-urban soils has high spatial variability and is affected by land-use type, surface structure, population and climatic conditions [20] . Many studies have found significant differences in heavy metal contents among diverse land-use types [21,22] . For example, Praveena SM et al found that land-use type is the main contributor to heavy metal exposure, and the soil heavy metal content in areas adjacent to roads was much higher than that in light industrial areas [23] .…”

Spatial–temporal variation and source analysis of heavy metals in different land use types in Beilun District (2015 and 2022)

“…The accumulation of heavy metals in peri-urban soils has high spatial variability and is affected by land-use type, surface structure, population and climatic conditions 23 . Many studies have found significant differences in heavy metal contents among diverse land-use types 24 , 25 . For example, Praveena et al found that land-use type is the main contributor to heavy metal exposure, and the soil heavy metal content in areas adjacent to roads was much higher than that in light industrial areas 26 .…”

Propriedades biológicas e químicas de solos arenoso e argiloso tratados com isolados fúngicos sob soja e milho em casa-de-vegetação

“…A população do planeta deve atingir a marca de 11,2 bilhões de habitantes em 2100, com a preocupação não somente em se produzir alimentos, mas que ela seja realizada de maneira a garantir a sustentabilidade e a conservação ambiental (BONGAARTS, 2016). A agricultura é uma importante atividade econômica, onde muitas de suas práticas de manejo, como operações de preparo do solo, semeadura das culturas, aplicação de pesticidas e fertilizantes minerais, e monocultura têm impactado negativamente atributos físicos, químicos e bioquímicos do solo (LIMA et al;YU et al, 2016). Adicionalmente, alterações no uso e cobertura da terra proporcionam diretamente modificações na composição do habitat, na biodiversidade e no funcionamento do ecossistema, o que leva a alterações da qualidade ambiental (GARCÍA-MOZO; OTEROS; GALÁN, 2016).…”