“…Stability of ecosystem functions is thought to increase with species richness due to niche complementarity, facilitation, or sampling effects (Hooper et al, 2005); a positive relationship that has been found for a variety of ecosystem functions including biomass production, crop pollination, and pest control (Garibaldi et al, 2011;Isbell et al, 2009;MacFadyen et al, 2011). Studies linking natural enemy diversity to pest control services have focused on temporal stability, while spatial stability remains largely unexplored although considerable spatial heterogeneity in terms of abundance of natural enemies and their prey have been observed within fields (Holland et al, 2004;Winder et al, 2005;MacFadyen et al, 2011). Because landscape complexity is known to enhance natural enemy diversity and abundance, we expected to find a lower within-field stability (higher variability) in pest control in simple compared with more complex landscapes.…”