The spatial distribution of interleukin-4 (IL-4) reference values in China based on a back propagation (BP) neural network

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the geospatial distribution of normal reference values of Interleukin 4 (IL-4) in healthy Chinese adults and to provide a basis for the development of standard references. IL-4 values of 5,221 healthy adults from 64 cities in China were collected and analyzed for a potential correlation with 24 topographical, climatic and soil factors. Seven of these factors were extracted and used to build a back propagation (BP) neural network model that was used to predict IL-4 reference values in healthy individuals from 2,317 observation sites nationwide. The predicted values were tested for normality and geographic distribution by analytic Kriging interpolation to map the geographic distribution of IL-4 reference values in healthy Chinese subjects. The results showed that IL-4 values generally decreased and then increased from the South to the North. We concluded that the BP neural network model applies to this approach, where certain geographical factors determine levels of various biochemical and immunological standards in healthy adults in regions with different topography, climate and soil indices.

Design of Twin Builder-Based Digital Twin Online Monitoring System for Crane Girders

“…This approach ensures timely maintenance and overhaul of the beam, effectively averting critical safety incidents such as beam fracture and metal fatigue failure. The specific methodology is outlined as follows: initially, conducting a finite element analysis of the crane beam under defined operational conditions; subsequently, employing the True-Load software 2022R1 [22][23][24][25][26][27] for strain test pre-analysis based on the results obtained from the finite element simulations. This process includes acquiring the positional and angular details of the strain gauge layout within a carefully selected area, conducive for load inversion, and finally, utilizing real-world load and strain data to construct a load recognition model in Twin Builder.…”