The spatial distribution and emission of nitrous oxide (N2O) in a large eutrophic lake in eastern China: Anthropogenic effects

Wang, Shilu; Liu, Cong‐Qiang; Yeager, Kevin M.; Wan, Guojiang; Li, Jun; Tao, Fenggang; Lü, Ying-Chun; Liu, Fang; Fan, Chengxin

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.10.037

Cited by 84 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…1) indicates a broad north-south coherence in their distribution, although differences in longitude between surface waters and agriculture at a given latitude may separate them in space in some parts of the world. Some evidence indicates that eutrophic lakes diverge quantitatively and qualitatively from oligotrophic lakes in the conversion of DIC to autochthonous particulate C (Peters 1986), the supply of allochthonous particulate organic carbon (POC; Berhe et al 2007), oxygen depletion and decomposition (Meding and Jackson 2001), the conversion and supply of DOC (Huang et al 2006), and the emission of greenhouse gases (Wang et al 2009). The expectation from previous studies of less productive lakes is that a substantial fraction of the C budget would be lost to the atmosphere via out-gassing of CO 2 and that land-derived DOC would be reduced as it passes through the lake ecosystems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eutrophication reverses whole-lake carbon budgets

2014

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Lakes play a large role in global atmospheric and landscape carbon (C) processes, but their role may change as they become polluted with nutrients. Geographic regions rich in surface waters are also prone to agricultural and urban development and so may become increasingly eutrophic as the population rises. Here we develop C budgets of highly eutrophic lakes. These analyses show that lakes undergoing eutrophication can become atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) sinks because of the CO 2 disequilibrium caused by extreme primary production. C budgets of such lakes show they absorb both landscape and atmospheric C, converting it into lake sediments and passing additional dissolved organic C (DOC) downstream. Eutrophication may cause a reversal in the role played by oligotrophic lakes by promoting atmospheric C sequestration as sediment and DOC. This means that as eutrophication increases from agriculture and urbanization, the expected large CO 2 evasion to the atmosphere by natural lakes will decline substantially and inland C sequestration and enrichment of DOC in waters flowing to the sea will be augmented. Thus, we suggest that the global C role of eutrophication is worthy of future consideration because it represents an interface between 2 large, converging environmental problems, whose interaction may reverse the role of lakes in the global C cycle.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eutrophication reverses whole-lake carbon budgets

2014

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“…As N inputs to rivers markedly increase, there is the potential for significant increases in N 2 O production in river systems (Seitzinger, 1988;Bouwman, 1996), and riverine N 2 O emission from China has a measurable impact on global N 2 O emission from aquatic systems (Seitzinger and Kroeze, 1998). Thus far, most reports have focused on N 2 O emissions from lakes, reservoirs and estuaries in China (Wang et al, 2007(Wang et al, , 2009Zhang et al, 2010;Liu et al, 2011;Yang et al, 2012), and direct measurement of riverine N 2 O production and emission in Chinese watersheds has been limited (Yan et al, 2004;Yang et al, 2011;Yu et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dissolved oxygen and nitrogen on emission of N 2 O from rivers in China

Wang

Chen

Yan

et al. 2015

Atmospheric Environment

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h i g h l i g h t sDemonstrate heterogeneous pattern of N 2 O concentration and emission in various rivers. N 2 O in urban river were significantly higher than those in agricultural runoff rivers. NO 3 -and DO explaining 47% variability in N 2 O production in runoff rivers.NH 4 þ and DO explaining 64% variability in N 2 O production in urban rivers. a r t i c l e i n f o b s t r a c tSix rivers from three watersheds in China were chosen to study the temporal and spatial variations in nitrous oxide (N 2 O) concentrations and emissions in order to examine the link between N 2 O production and dissolved oxygen (DO) and nitrogen levels. These rivers can generally be divided into two types: runoff rivers with significant natural and agricultural runoff, and urban rivers with significant urban effluents. The results showed that N 2 O concentrations were 0.15e1.07 (mean 0.51) and 0.22e22.7 (mean 4.10) ug N L À1 in runoff rivers and an urban river, respectively. and DO explained 64% variability in N 2 O production. We suggest that the IPCC method to calculate N 2 O emission factors should be revised in view of the importance of these multiple factors.

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“…However, recent studies (17)(18)(19)(20) suggesting riverine N 2 O loss is underestimated by up to threefold notably contradict the EF 5r reduction. Uncertainty in the EF 5r can be attributed to a scarcity of studies (21,22), poorly constrained water-air gaseous exchange relationships (23,24), and high variability in river morphology (25,26). Further, the EF 5r assumes a linear relation between nitrate in water and N 2 O emissions (14), the validity of which is the subject of considerable debate (27)(28)(29)(30).…”

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confidence: 99%

Indirect nitrous oxide emissions from streams within the US Corn Belt scale with stream order

Turner

Griffis

Lee

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

147

154

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N 2 O is an important greenhouse gas and the primary stratospheric ozone depleting substance. Its deleterious effects on the environment have prompted appeals to regulate emissions from agriculture, which represents the primary anthropogenic source in the global N 2 O budget. Successful implementation of mitigation strategies requires robust bottom-up inventories that are based on emission factors (EFs), simulation models, or a combination of the two. Top-down emission estimates, based on tall-tower and aircraft observations, indicate that bottom-up inventories severely underestimate regional and continental scale N 2 O emissions, implying that EFs may be biased low. Here, we measured N 2 O emissions from streams within the US Corn Belt using a chamber-based approach and analyzed the data as a function of Strahler stream order (S). N 2 O fluxes from headwater streams often exceeded 29 nmol N 2 O-N m −2 ·s −1 and decreased exponentially as a function of S. This relation was used to scale up riverine emissions and to assess the differences between bottom-up and top-down emission inventories at the local to regional scale. We found that the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) indirect EF for rivers (EF 5r ) is underestimated up to ninefold in southern Minnesota, which translates to a total tier 1 agricultural underestimation of N 2 O emissions by 40%. We show that accounting for zero-order streams as potential N 2 O hotspots can more than double the agricultural budget. Applying the same analysis to the US Corn Belt demonstrates that the IPCC EF 5r underestimation explains the large differences observed between top-down and bottom-up emission estimates.aquatic nitrous oxide fluxes | IPCC emission factors | river emission hotspots | regional emission upscaling N 2 O is projected to remain the dominant stratospheric ozonedepleting substance of the 21st century (1) and is a powerful greenhouse gas (GHG) that currently accounts for about 6% of the net radiative forcing associated with long-lived anthropogenic GHGs (2). The detrimental environmental impacts of N 2 O have stimulated appeals to regulate emissions from agricultural lands (1, 3), which account for nearly 80% of the global anthropogenic N 2 O budget (4, 5). The successful regulation and mitigation of N 2 O emissions requires a sound understanding of the direct and indirect emission processes and reduced uncertainty regarding the emission factors (EFs) (6).The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) tier 1 approach uses EFs to provide first-order approximations of annual N 2 O emissions based on mechanistic and empirical information that have been constrained by field studies. These EFs are widely used in bottom-up inventories such as the Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Research (EDGAR) (7) and the Global Emissions Initiative (GEIA) (8). These inventories are essential tools for tracking country specific emission trends, assessing thresholds for international treaties, and evaluating the impacts of mitigation policies. Recent i...

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The spatial distribution and emission of nitrous oxide (N2O) in a large eutrophic lake in eastern China: Anthropogenic effects

Cited by 84 publications

References 30 publications

Eutrophication reverses whole-lake carbon budgets

Eutrophication reverses whole-lake carbon budgets

Effect of dissolved oxygen and nitrogen on emission of N 2 O from rivers in China

Indirect nitrous oxide emissions from streams within the US Corn Belt scale with stream order

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