“…One of the identified challenges was that slum conditions can take various forms and, therefore, no universal model of slums existed. This is due to differences in slum-development processes (Sliuzas, Kuffer, & Masser, 2010), their age and thus developmental stages (infancy, consolidation, maturity), geographical location and context (e.g., central versus peri-urban or arid versus tropical coastal cities . Hence, the diversity of urban slums and geographic contexts requires methodological adjustments.…”