The spall strength of condensed matter

Grady, D. E.

doi:10.1016/0022-5096(88)90015-4

Cited by 522 publications

(303 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In addition, failure criteria also depend on the type of failure and on the mesh used for the simulation. Examples are Maximum Plastic Strain failure criterion, Minimum Hydrostatic Pressure failure criterion and Grady spall model [18].…”

Section: Materials Modelling and Advanced Simulation Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experiment to test advanced materials impacted by intense proton pulses at CERN HiRadMat facility

Bertarelli

Berthomé

Boccone

et al. 2013

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B:

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SummaryPredicting the consequences of highly energetic particle beams impacting protection devices as collimators or high power target stations is a fundamental issue in the design of state-ofthe-art facilities for high-energy particle physics. These complex dynamic phenomena, which may induce material phase transitions, extended density changes, shock waves generation, explosions, material fragment projections etc., have been successfully simulated resorting to highly non-linear numerical tools (Hydrocodes). In order to produce accurate results, however, these codes require reliable material constitutive models that, at the extreme conditions induced by a destructive beam impact, are scarce and often inaccurate. In order to derive or validate such models (Equations of State, Strength Models, Failure Models), a comprehensive, first-of-its-kind experiment has been recently carried out at CERN HiRadMat facility: performed tests entailed the controlled impact of intense and energetic proton pulses on a number of specimens made of six different materials. Experimental data were acquired, mostly in real time, relying on extensive embedded instrumentation (strain gauges, temperature and vacuum sensors) and on remote acquisition devices (laser Doppler vibrometer and high-speed camera). The dynamic ranges of the digital acquisition system were sufficient to acquire the very fast and intense shock waves generated by the impact. The high speed video camera allowed capturing a number of frames during the time of flight of the material fragments projected away from impacted specimens. This information is then benchmarked against advanced numerical simulations. Preliminary results of the tests are discussed. In depth post-irradiation analyses are foreseen once the specimens have reached a sufficiently low level of activation. The experimental method presented in this paper may find applications to test materials under very high strain rates and temperatures in domains well beyond particle physics (severe accidents in fusion and fission nuclear facilities, space debris impacts, fast and intense loadings on materials and structures etc.).-2 -

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Section: Materials Modelling and Advanced Simulation Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experiment to test advanced materials impacted by intense proton pulses at CERN HiRadMat facility

Bertarelli

Berthomé

Boccone

et al. 2013

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B:

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“…On the contrary, if they propagate slowly, less defects are encompassed, and little interactions take place: the communication is inconsequential. This without communication approach was derived by Grady (1982Grady ( , 1988) whose pioneering energy theory does not include any crack interactions. The next paragraphs are dedicated to compare these two extreme behaviors in order to quantify the degree of communication for any non-extreme case.…”

Section: Qualitative Understandingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While valid for ductile materials, this assumption appears incomplete for the presently tested brittle solids. Indeed, in his first papers (Grady, 1982(Grady, , 1988, Grady considers that the local kinetic and the elastic strain energies are converted into fracture energy at the onset of failure. In more recent work, Grady (2008) underlines that brittle solids undergo a non-equilibrated fragmentation.…”

Section: Scaling Of the Average Fragment Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic fragmentation of ceramics, signature of defects and scaling of fragment sizes

Levy

Molinari

2010

Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids

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a b s t r a c tDefects play a critical role in the dynamic fragmentation process of structural ceramics. Cracks initiate at seemingly random locations, propagate and coalesce to form fragments. The process is accompanied by stress release waves, whose influence is difficult to account for without numerical analysis. In this paper, we use a finite-element program with a cohesive fracture capability, to relate a defect distribution contained in a material with the resulting number of fragments. We show how the distribution tail, e.g. the number of large defects, and the rate at which cracks can be initiated at these sites have a critical influence on the generation of stress release waves and thus on the fragmentation process. Our numerical calculations yield a new factor, which we label communication factor, that we use to normalize the average fragment size and to define a new scaling function of material properties, defect statistics and loading rate.

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“…Our experimental observation (Wang, 1993) shows that the initial radius of the void a0 is in the range l-10 (pm), a0 and cl, are given by 0.0005 (cm) and 1.0003. The results of spa11 experiments in copper (Grady, 1988) show that the spa11 strength of copper is in the range 1.0-2.5 (GPa). Theoretical calculation in this paper is consistent with experimental measurements.…”

Section: Numerical Analysis Of the Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cortes (1992) adopted Carroll and Holt's assumption to investigate the growth of a microvoid under intense dynamic loading. Review articles (Meyers and Aimone 1983;Curran et al, 1987;Grady, 1988) on dynamic ductile fracture explain in some detail the most relevant results of experimental and theoretical studies. The inertial effects are the major feature of intense dynamic loading.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spall damage in aluminum alloy

Zheng

Wang

1995

International Journal of Solids and Structures

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Abstract-Avoid growth relation for ductile porous materials under intense dynamic general loading conditions is presented. The mathematical model includes the influence of inertial effects, material rate sensitivity, as well as the contribution of void surface energy and material workhardening. Numerical analysis shows that inertia appears to resist the growth of voids. The inertial effects increase quickly with the loading rates. The theoretical analysis suggests that the inertial effects cannot be neglected at high loading rates. Plate-impact tests of aluminum alloy are performed with light gas gun. The processes of dynamic damage in aluminum alloy are successfully simulated with a finite-difierence dynamic code in which the theoretical model presented in this paper is incorporated.

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The spall strength of condensed matter

Cited by 522 publications

References 30 publications

An experiment to test advanced materials impacted by intense proton pulses at CERN HiRadMat facility

An experiment to test advanced materials impacted by intense proton pulses at CERN HiRadMat facility

Dynamic fragmentation of ceramics, signature of defects and scaling of fragment sizes

Spall damage in aluminum alloy

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