The Spacecraft Power Supply System

Bomberger, David C.; Feldman, David; Trucksess, D. E.; Brolin, S. J.; Ussery, P. W.

doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1963.tb04024.x

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The challenge of power generation or its best use in satellite missions is not new. [12][13][14][15][16] However, those first works were related to medium and large satellites where the power, voltage, and current levels were far above the CubeSat requirements. In addition, they assessed technologies that have improved since then, such as solar cells, batteries, and computer performance.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On‐board energy scheduling optimization algorithm for nanosatellites

Martinez

Seman

Filho

et al. 2023

Circuit Theory & Apps

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SummaryThis work proposes a real‐time and online energy scheduling optimization algorithm for nanosatellites operating with a direct energy transfer (DET) architecture. The goal of the algorithm is to optimize energy utilization by maximizing energy harvesting, meeting task deadlines and priorities, and ensuring a minimum quality of service (QoS) for the system. The algorithm is composed of a modified perturb and observe algorithm to reach the best energy efficiency point of the solar panels, a task prioritization algorithm to guarantee their times and minimum QoS, and a backpack optimization problem to maximize the energy efficiency of the satellite. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, simulations of a nanosatellite operating in a given orbit, attitude, and thermal parameters were conducted and compared to other task scheduling strategies. The results showed that the proposed energy scheduling algorithm had the best performance in terms of energy balance and average power consumption, with an energy balance up to 16% higher compared to the other tested strategies. This demonstrates the ability of the proposed algorithm to optimize power consumption and energy utilization, as well as efficiently schedule tasks to maximize energy harvesting. The proposed energy scheduling optimization algorithm has the potential to be a useful tool for the design and optimization of future satellite missions and could potentially guide the design of electrical power systems for new CubeSat missions operating with a DET architecture. The algorithm's ability to optimize energy utilization and ensure a minimum QoS for the system could improve the overall efficiency and performance of the satellite.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With Equation ( 12), the tasks' priority is calculated when the two instances explained above do not occur. The priority of a task increases with Equation (12) as it approaches the deadline.…”

Section: Calculation Of Task Priority Umentioning

confidence: 99%

On‐board energy scheduling optimization algorithm for nanosatellites

Martinez

Seman

Filho

et al. 2023

Circuit Theory & Apps

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“…Since the 1960s, EPS models considering solar irradiance, solar panels, batteries, converters, and loads have been proposed. 19,20 However, most of them were planned for powering systems exceeding 100 W. However, with the microelectronics development and with the emergence of the class of nanosatellites, the EPS designing challenge has changed. Low-power, high-efficiency converters, maximum…”

Section: Electrical Power Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, Pvldo diss may be described by Equation (18). Rewriting Equation 18, one may obtain V sp , through Equation (19).…”

Section: Very Low Dropout Voltage Regulatormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanosatellite electrical power system architectures: Models, simulations, and tests

Slongo

Martinez

Eiterer

et al. 2020

Circuit Theory & Apps

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KESSLER SLONGO ET AL. power point tracking (MPPT) techniques, high-efficiency solar cells, and energy-aware scheduling algorithms are some of the hot topics under research nowadays. Due to size restrictions and aiming low complexity in design, many nanosatellite designers adopt the direct energy transfer (DET) architecture. KySat-2 is an example of a successfully accomplished mission, based on this EPS topology. Designed by Morehead State University Space Science and Engineering group, KySat-2 EPS was powered by a set of gold-plated deployable solar panels with 26% of efficiency. It provided four high-power regulated rails (two 3.3 V and two 5 V) and a low-noise, low power 3.3V rail for noise-sensitive devices. The energy storage system was made of three 18650 lithium-ion cells connected in series, and the high-power rails reached efficiencies approaching 90%. 12,21 Aiming minimum space occupation and low power consumption, the EPS proposed for the AraMiS project has a boost regulator operating the solar panels close to their MPP. 16 In order to reduce the number of components, the designers opted by the constant voltage MPPT algorithm, using only analog devices. The EPS steps up solar panels voltage from 4.4 V to the distribution bus voltage level (14 ± 2 V). It provides power buses with 3.3 and 5 V voltage levels. The EPS efficiency analysis is demonstrated, calculating the main components power losses. Although this is a very detailed and well-described work, it does not compare the proposed solution with other EPS architectures. A 3U EPS efficiency analysis is presented by Gonzalez-Llorente et al. 22 The subsystem is based on a buck converter that steps down the solar panels voltage (15 or 7.5 V) to the litChium-ion battery range of 3.3 or 6.6 V. The authors define an optimum operation point for the DC-DC converter in order to achieve its maximum efficiency. The operation point is defined by the converter input voltage, output voltage, and output power. Therefore, the discussion is based on different solar cells connections configurations, and battery cells arrangement, that result in the most efficient EPS configuration. Different scenarios have been analyzed to achieve 98% of peak efficiency on the best configuration: input voltage of 7.4 V, output voltage of 3.3 V, and output current varying from 0.1 mA to 2.1 A. Only the buck converter topology is discussed in this paper, and it does not consider any MPPT technique. An interesting solution adopted for the ERPSAT-1 picosatellite uses fuzzy logic to obtain energy harvesting maximization. 23 The developed subsystem has three main blocks, which are the fuzzy maximum power point tracker, the power conditioner, and the hierarchical fuzzy subsystem controller. The fuzzy logic algorithm has been implemented in a dedicated microcontroller that controls a boost converter. Simulations have been performed to demonstrate the better efficiency of the proposed method when compared to the Perturb and Observe MPPT algorithm. Although a comparison is provided in this work,...

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A General Description of the Telstar Spacecraft

Shennum¹,

Haury²

1963

Bell System Technical Journal

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The Telstar spacecraft design is discussed with emphasis on the electronics system. The description includes early planning, starting with frequency allocation considerations, and carries the program through electrical and mechanical design, construction and evaluation of the electronics system. The content is aimed at a broad introduction, depending on companion papers for many details of the spacecraft design.

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The Spacecraft Power Supply System

Cited by 11 publications

References 4 publications

On‐board energy scheduling optimization algorithm for nanosatellites

On‐board energy scheduling optimization algorithm for nanosatellites

Nanosatellite electrical power system architectures: Models, simulations, and tests

A General Description of the Telstar Spacecraft

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