The Soybean <i>Rhg1</i> Locus for Resistance to the Soybean Cyst Nematode <i>Heterodera glycines</i> Regulates the Expression of a Large Number of Stress- and Defense-Related Genes in Degenerating Feeding Cells

Kandoth, Pramod Kaitheri; Ithal, Nagabhushana; Recknor, Justin; Maier, Tom; Nettleton, Dan; Baum, Thomas J.; Mitchum, Melissa G.

doi:10.1104/pp.110.167536

Cited by 116 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 70 publications

(90 reference statements)

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“…RT was done using the Primescript first-strand cDNA synthesis kit (Takara, Clontech). Real-time quantitative RT-PCR was conducted as described by Kandoth et al (2011). Samples were normalized relative to the soybean ubiquitin gene (accession no.…”

Section: Rt Reaction and Qpcr Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Systematic Mutagenesis of Serine Hydroxymethyltransferase Reveals an Essential Role in Nematode Resistance

et al. 2017

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Rhg4 is a major genetic locus that contributes to soybean cyst nematode (SCN) resistance in the Peking-type resistance of soybean (Glycine max), which also requires the rhg1 gene. By map-based cloning and functional genomic approaches, we previously showed that the Rhg4 gene encodes a predicted cytosolic serine hydroxymethyltransferase (GmSHMT08); however, the novel gain of function of GmSHMT08 in SCN resistance remains to be characterized. Using a forward genetic screen, we identified an allelic series of GmSHMT08 mutants that shed new light on the mechanistic aspects of GmSHMT08-mediated resistance. The new mutants provide compelling genetic evidence that Peking-type rhg1 resistance in cv Forrest is fully dependent on the GmSHMT08 gene and demonstrates that this resistance is mechanistically different from the PI 88788-type of resistance that only requires rhg1. We also demonstrated that rhg1-a from cv Forrest, although required, does not exert selection pressure on the nematode to shift from HG type 7, which further validates the bigenic nature of this resistance. Mapping of the identified mutations onto the SHMT structural model uncovered key residues for structural stability, ligand binding, enzyme activity, and protein interactions, suggesting that GmSHMT08 has additional functions aside from its main enzymatic role in SCN resistance. Lastly, we demonstrate the functionality of the GmSHMT08 SCN resistance gene in a transgenic soybean plant.

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Section: Rt Reaction and Qpcr Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Management relies heavily on the use of resistant soybean cultivars. In these cultivars, necrosis of the feeding site prevents the development of the sedentary nematode (Endo, 1965;Acedo et al, 1984;Mahalingam and Skorupska, 1996;Kandoth et al, 2011).…”

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Systematic Mutagenesis of Serine Hydroxymethyltransferase Reveals an Essential Role in Nematode Resistance

et al. 2017

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“…These metabolites are involved in numerous vital processes such as plant defense, formation of structural biopolymers and cell wall components including lignin, lignols, defense related phenolics and the synthesis of hormones and vitamins. Phenolic compounds are involved in PCD (Program Cell Death) in response to SCN and F. virguliforme infections (Mahalingam and Skorupska, 1996;Yuan et al 2002;Iqbal et al 2008;Kandoth et al 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Annotation of Cultivar Variations at the Multigeneic Rhg1/Rfs2 Locus:

Hemmati

Geisler²,

Meksem³

et al. 2017

AJB

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Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) suffers yield loss due to root infection from soil infestation by Heterodera glycine I. (soybean cyst nematode SCN) and Fusarium virguliforme (Aoki; sudden death syndrome (SDS)). The major locus for SCN and SDS resistance has previously been identified as Rhg1/Rfs2 (chr18; LG G) (site reference). The objective of this experiment was to compare the Sanger DNA sequence of a resistant cultivar ('Forrest') and two susceptible cultivars ('Williams 82' and 'Asgrow A3244'). Sequences were downloaded from GenBank for Williams 82, Phytzome for A3244 and a newly sequenced BAC-B73P06 (82,157 bp) encompassing the Rfs2/Rhg1 locus. Using the resistant cultivars, 800 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 57 indels were identified. In contrast, the susceptible cultivars had just 12 SNPs and no indels between them. Polymorphisms were clustered within 59 kbp, divided into three sections. There were 5 predicted recombination breakpoints. The third and fourth breakpoints were located before gene 3 and after gene 5 (Glyma18g02680; the RLK at Rhg1/Rfs2) which were therefore inferred to be derived from Peking, within the Rhg1/Rfs2 region. Comparisons of SNPs identified in Illumina sequences from 31 semi-domesticated genomes showed 80% of the total SNPs in Forrest were found among the genomes. Annotation and gene prediction showed the BAC gene prediction encoded 9-10 genes. There were 31 SNPs within exons and 137 among introns. Just 11 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.SNPs caused amino acid changes. There were 5 SNPs in cis regulatory elements (CREs) and 14 in promoters. Polymorphisms indicated the regions that were introgressed from Peking had defined limits. Proteins across the region were highly conserved compared to non-coding regions, suggesting purifying selection occurred.

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“…Nonetheless, many stress-related genes were upregulated in the soybean resistant line containing Rhg1 gene. These genes include those coding for the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of ROS (Kandoth et al, 2011). Kandoth et al (2011) also indicated that the feeding sites induced by Heterodera glycines in the resistant line experienced severe oxidative stress coupled with imbalanced endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis, and both of these processes contribute toward the plant resistance.…”

Section: Host Transcriptomes In Response To Nematode Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These genes include those coding for the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of ROS (Kandoth et al, 2011). Kandoth et al (2011) also indicated that the feeding sites induced by Heterodera glycines in the resistant line experienced severe oxidative stress coupled with imbalanced endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis, and both of these processes contribute toward the plant resistance. So this is still debatable that whether the genes involved in the synthesis of ROS are important for compatible interactions or resistance response.…”

Section: Host Transcriptomes In Response To Nematode Infectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant-nematode Interactions: From Genomics to Metabolomics

Ali¹,

Abbas²,

Azeem³

et al. 2015

IJAB

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Plant parasitic nematodes are obligate parasites causing serious reduction in crop yields. Several economically important species parasitize various plant species, but the root knot and cyst nematodes belonging to the Heteroderidae family are especially dangerous. Plant parasitic nematodes result in crop losses of over $150 billion worldwide. This review gives an account of morpho-physiological and molecular events during parasitism of root-knot and cyst nematodes. It describes the transcriptomes and parasitomes of various nematodes indicating that the effector proteins are crucial for the compatible plant nematode interactions. Various sequencing techniques used in plant-nematode genomics and transcriptomics are discussed. Moreover, the dynamics of host transcriptomes in response to infection with different nematode species have been reported. The host transcriptomes have unrevealed many candidate genes, which are involved in both compatible and incompatible plant nematode interactions. The strategy of manipulation of expression of the genes induced and suppressed by the nematodes in the feeding sites has also been suggested for enhancement of resistance against nematodes. This review will provide the researchers with the information regarding transcriptional changes in the nematodes as well as host plants, which would be important for the induction of resistance against nematodes in different crop plants.

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The Soybean Rhg1 Locus for Resistance to the Soybean Cyst Nematode Heterodera glycines Regulates the Expression of a Large Number of Stress- and Defense-Related Genes in Degenerating Feeding Cells

Cited by 116 publications

References 70 publications

Systematic Mutagenesis of Serine Hydroxymethyltransferase Reveals an Essential Role in Nematode Resistance

Systematic Mutagenesis of Serine Hydroxymethyltransferase Reveals an Essential Role in Nematode Resistance

Annotation of Cultivar Variations at the Multigeneic Rhg1/Rfs2 Locus:

Plant-nematode Interactions: From Genomics to Metabolomics

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