The Sovereign State and Its Competitors

Spruyt, Hendrik

doi:10.2307/j.ctvzxx91t

Cited by 19 publications

(28 citation statements)

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“…The major divide was that between ecclesiastical and secular authorities, but even within these two a great multitude of sometimes opposing dominions existed, each of them trying to exert control over a given territory. Moreover, medieval territoriality was not exclusive nor perfect, but dependent on the personal ties between the lord and his vassal (Spruyt, 1994). Vassals had different lords, secular or ecclesiastical, for different circumstances.…”

Section: Source: Creative Commonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional diplomacy: a piece in the neo-medieval puzzle?

Durán¹

2019

belgeo

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Until recently, diplomacy has been regarded as the exclusive domain of the State. Recent evolutions in diplomatic theory and practice however repudiate this Statecentric exclusivity. By conceiving diplomacy as "the mechanism of representation, communication and negotiation through which States and other international actors (own italics) conduct their business" (Melissen, 1999) rather than "the official channels of communication employed by the members of a system of States (own italics) (Berridge, Keens-Soper et al., 2001)", a new and more dynamic picture of diplomacy emerges. Looking back at past diplomatic practices might shed new light on contemporary diplomacy. Looking through the lens of neo-medievalism can prove to be a fruitful way of looking back. The neo-medieval paradigm claims that we are entering a new global setting that in certain aspects resembles that of the Middle Ages. Neo-medievalism has a significant added value in that it introduces an historical component in the current debate about the metamorphosis of the world. However, one important element seems underresearched in the literature on neo-medievalism: an analysis and comparison of the diplomatic relations between the various polities that form the constituent units of both the medieval and neo-medieval international system. When we see beyond the State-centric concept of diplomacy (Hoffmann, 2003, p. 541), a number of tendencies in today's diplomacy come to the fore showing a striking resemblance with medieval diplomacy, and regions play a paramount role in this process. Globalisation led to fundamental changes in sovereignty, statehood and the territorial character of the State. These changes have resulted in a shift from the modern socalled Westphalian State-system to a new postmodern international system (Cooper,

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Section: Source: Creative Commonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional diplomacy: a piece in the neo-medieval puzzle?

Durán¹

2019

belgeo

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“…A major objection to this narrative, however, comes from historians, sociologists, and political scientists who point to the much earlier differentiation of religious and political authority in the Middle Ages and to the role that this process played in early state formation (e.g., Strayer, 1970;Tierney, 1982;Spruyt, 1994;Gorski, 2000;Bueno de Mesquita, 2000). As Gorski (2000, 157) notes, while there was persistent conflict about where the line between religious and political authority should be drawn, "there was no question that the two should be, and were distinct...the Popes were to rule over the Church, and the princes were to rule over the state, and each had its own property, personnel, and political-legal apparatus."…”

Section: Declining Emphasis On Religion In Christian Mirrors Textsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mirrors for Princes and Sultans: Advice on the Art of Governance in the Medieval Christian and Islamic Worlds

Blaydes

Grimmer

McQueen

2018

The Journal of Politics

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When did European modes of political thought diverge from those which existed in other world regions? We compare Muslim and Christian political advice texts from the medieval period using automated text analysis to identify four major and sixty granular themes common to Muslim and Christian polities, and examine how emphasis on these topics evolves over time. For Muslim texts, we identify an inflection point in political discourse between the 11th to 13th centuries, a juncture suggested by historians as an ideational watershed as a result of the influence of Turkic and Mongol invaders. For Christian texts, we identify a decline in the relevance of religious appeals from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance. Our findings also suggest that Machiavelli's Prince was less a turn away from religious discourse on statecraft than the culmination of centuries-long developments in European advice literature.

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“…Historical traditions may also militate against a full acceptance of self-regulation since there is a strong historical link between standardization and the emergence of the sovereign territorial state (Spruyt 1994). Views of standardization have changed radically, however, as a result of the development of technology and the advance of globalization.…”

Section: Self-regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Internationalization of Regulation: Implications for Developing Countries

Majone¹

2006

Regulatory Governance in Developing Countries

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The profound changes of the world trading system since the 1980s are reflected in the transition from "shallow" to "deeper" integration. Shallow integration is economic integration based on the removal of barriers to exchange at the border, and limited coordination of national policies. The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the International Monetary Fund were the core global institutions in the management of shallow integration. The remarkable success achieved in the 1960s and the first half of the 1970s in removing tariffs and quantitative restrictions served to underscore the significance of non-tariff barriers (NTBs) to international trade. Economists had been aware for a long time of a "principle of equivalence", according to which any trade concessions can be nullified by imposing an offsetting set of domestic policies. However, the practical significance of this principle was generally appreciated only in the late 1970s, when national governments reacted to the double threat of economic stagnation and inflation by increasing the level of protection of domestic industry by massive recourse to NTBs, in particular technical and health standards. These developments could be observed not only in the world economy at large, but even in the European Community/European Union (EC/EU), where the abolition of internal tariffs, already achieved in the 1960s, was seriously impaired by the proliferation of national regulations and standards. It thus became clear that no institutional arrangement that oversees trade liberalization can afford to confine its rules and attention to "border" measures. Hence the emergence of issues of deeper integration on the international agenda. These issues concern "behind-the-border" policies that had previously not been subject to international scrutiny or negotiation. Instead of the older agenda of removing barriers that block exchange at the national borders, the new agenda items include conflicts over domestic regulatory regimes and perceived policy "externalities" (Kahler, 1995, p.2). In the EC/EU the turn to deeper integration was signified by the internal market program, which was supposed to achieve a fully integrated European market by 1992. In the international trading system, concerns about the impact of domestic regulations on free trade led to the Tokyo and Uruguay Rounds Agreements on technical barriers to trade; to the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures, (SPS agreement), also reached in the Uruguay Round; to extending the scope and competence of the international trading rules by the inclusion of new subjects such as agriculture and intellectual property rights; finally, to the transformation, in 1995, of the GATT into the World Trade Organization (WTO).

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The Sovereign State and Its Competitors

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Regional diplomacy: a piece in the neo-medieval puzzle?

Regional diplomacy: a piece in the neo-medieval puzzle?

Mirrors for Princes and Sultans: Advice on the Art of Governance in the Medieval Christian and Islamic Worlds

The Internationalization of Regulation: Implications for Developing Countries

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