The Southeastern Asian house mouse (Mus musculus castaneus Linn.) as a new passenger host for Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii molecular type VNI

Singh, Karuna; Rani, Jyoti; Neelabh, .; Kumar, Govind; Singh, Major

doi:10.1093/mmy/myx001

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Recently, a case cluster of cryptococcosis has been observed in a synanthropic Southeastern Asian murid (Mus musculus castaneus). 161 Unlike bandicoot rats, no lesions were recorded in any organ of the animals, however, C. n. var. grubii was recovered from cultures of tissue homogenates of brain, lungs, liver, and kidneys.…”

Section: Cryptococcosismentioning

confidence: 91%

Fungal infections in animals: a patchwork of different situations

et al. 2018

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The importance of fungal infections in both human and animals has increased over the last decades. This article represents an overview of the different categories of fungal infections that can be encountered in animals originating from environmental sources without transmission to humans. In addition, the endemic infections with indirect transmission from the environment, the zoophilic fungal pathogens with near-direct transmission, the zoonotic fungi that can be directly transmitted from animals to humans, mycotoxicoses and antifungal resistance in animals will also be discussed. Opportunistic mycoses are responsible for a wide range of diseases from localized infections to fatal disseminated diseases, such as aspergillosis, mucormycosis, candidiasis, cryptococcosis and infections caused by melanized fungi. The amphibian fungal disease chytridiomycosis and the Bat White-nose syndrome are due to obligatory fungal pathogens. Zoonotic agents are naturally transmitted from vertebrate animals to humans and vice versa. The list of zoonotic fungal agents is limited but some species, like Microsporum canis and Sporothrix brasiliensis from cats, have a strong public health impact. Mycotoxins are defined as the chemicals of fungal origin being toxic for warm-blooded vertebrates. Intoxications by aflatoxins and ochratoxins represent a threat for both human and animal health. Resistance to antifungals can occur in different animal species that receive these drugs, although the true epidemiology of resistance in animals is unknown, and options to treat infections caused by resistant infections are limited.

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Section: Cryptococcosismentioning

confidence: 91%

Fungal infections in animals: a patchwork of different situations

et al. 2018

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“…Furthermore, Accepted Article significant differences have been found also within the human population: while C. neoformans infects primarily immune-compromised patients, C. gattii may affect individuals with intact immune systems (de Abreu et al, 2017). It is noteworthy that Cryptococcus yeasts have been isolated from apparently healthy rodents, which may indicate a potential reservoir of these pathogens (Singh et al, 2017). Diseases caused by other Cryptococcus species, such as C.…”

Section: Cryptococcosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, significant differences have been found also within the human population, while C. neoformans infects primarily immune-compromised patients, C. gattii may affect individuals with intact immune systems (de Abreu et al 2017). It is noteworthy that Cryptococcus yeasts have been isolated from apparently healthy rodents, which may indicate a potential reservoir of these pathogens (Singh et al 2017 Cryptococcosis primarily affects the lungs and the central nervous system (CNS) although even skin lesions have been described in the case of HIV/AIDS patients. C. gattii primarily affects apparently healthy individuals and typically causes granulomatous lesions (cryptococcomas) in the lung and brain, and occasionally in the skin (Hamann et al 1997;Chen et al 2000;Pasa et al 2012).…”

Section: Cryptococcosismentioning

confidence: 99%

A global view on fungal infections in humans and animals: opportunistic infections and microsporidioses

et al. 2021

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After cardiovascular diseases, infectious diseases are the second most common cause of death worldwide. Although these infections are caused mainly by viruses or bacteria, a systematically growing prevalence of human and animal opportunistic fungal infections is noticeable worldwide. More attention is being paid to this problem, especially due to the growing frequency of recalcitrant and recurrent mycoses. The latter are classically divided into superficial, which are the most common type, subcutaneous, and systemic. This work discusses opportunistic fungal pathogens without proven horizontal transmission between different animal species including humans and microsporidia as spore-forming unicellular parasites related to fungi; however, with a yet undetermined taxonomic position. The review also mentions etiological agents, risk factors, epidemiology, geographical distribution, and finally symptoms characteristic for individual disease entities. This paper provides insight into fungal infections from a global perspective and Accepted Article This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved simultaneously draws attention to emerging pathogens, whose prevalence is continuously increasing. Finally, this work also takes into consideration the correct nomenclature of fungal disease entities and the importance of secondary metabolites in the pathogenesis of fungal infections.

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“…Centrifugation (6000 rpm for 10 minutes) was done in order to pellet down the cells followed by re-suspension in propidium iodide solution (25µg/ml in phosphate-buffered saline) for a period of 30 minutes at 32°C. For sample analysis, cell size (forward scatter of incident laser light) and propidium iodide (PI) fluorescence intensity data were collected for 10,000 cells with a BD FACS cell sorter (Green et al 1994). Readings were recorded in triplicate.…”

Section: Determination Of Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (Mfc) By Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apart from the mice of the ICC group all the other mice were subjected to immunosuppression and disease induction (Singh et al 2017). Following immunosuppression, all the experimental mice of disease induced and treated groups (ISD, IST and ISTA) were injected with 50 µl of inoculum intravenously (IV) (Zaragoza et al 2007) till two weeks on each alternate day.…”

Section: Treatment Planmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Anti-Cryptococcal Activity of Bacitracin

Neelabh

Singh

2020

J microb biotech food sci

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Cryptococcosis is amongst potentially deadly diseases whose impact has aggrandized with the advent of AIDS and antifungal resistance. Antifungals used presently are short of broad spectrum activity and furthermore are involved in several side effects. Henceforth, the present manuscript focuses on the evaluation of antifungal activity of bacitracin against Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii, the causative agent of the disease. Minimum inhibitory concentration, flow cytometric analysis and confocal microscopy were used to determine the in-vitro fungal susceptibilities. Light microscopy was used to determine the changes in the micromorphology of the fungal organism. Swiss mice were used for testing the efficacy of bacitracin in-vivo. Bacitracin showed cidal activity against C. n. grubii at 5.5 mg/ml which is on the higher side but on testing under in-vivo conditions it was observed that doses as high as 15 mg/kg bw/day did not show any adverse effect in the body. Better survival rate of the bacitracin treated mice, lowering of the fungal load and changes showing improvement in the tissue morphology depicts the mild anticryptococcal activity of bacitracin. Although, bacitracin has proved to be a potent antifungal yet there are several limitations like low bioavailability and its peptide nature. However, these problems can be limited by developing suitable analogs of the compound.

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The Southeastern Asian house mouse (Mus musculus castaneus Linn.) as a new passenger host for Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii molecular type VNI

Cited by 8 publications

References 34 publications

Fungal infections in animals: a patchwork of different situations

Fungal infections in animals: a patchwork of different situations

A global view on fungal infections in humans and animals: opportunistic infections and microsporidioses

Evaluation of Anti-Cryptococcal Activity of Bacitracin

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