The South Asian P.L. 480 Library Program, 1962–1968

Abstract

Since the end of World War II there has been a nation-wide burgeoning of academic interest in South Asia, that is to say, in India, Pakistan, Ceylon, and Nepal. The pioneering teaching and research program in South Asian Studies was established at the University of Pennsylvania in 1947 with substantial support from the Carnegie Corporation. This program comprised a balance of humanistic and social science studies supported by the teaching of the appropriate classical and modern languages of South Asia as tools of research. Concerted efforts were early made to acquire adequate library materials to support all aspects of the program. These efforts which involved direct contact with the highly disorganized Indian book trade were initially frustrating but eventually met with success. Problems of processing and cataloging followed on those of acquiring the books but by the end of the first decade Pennsylvania had what seemed then to be quite adequate library support for its pioneer program in South Asian studies.

South Asian Legal History

“…The Act also created the federal Title VI program that continues to finance leading US South Asian-area studies centers (known as National Resource Centers) today. Four years earlier, the Public Law 480 Program required South Asian governments to send books published in South Asia to a network of US university libraries in exchange for US aid (Patterson 1969). This system continued until 1986 (Dhavan 1987a, p. 727).…”

Final Report of the Evaluation of Vapor Taggants and Substrates for the Tagging of Blasting Caps.

“…Both pulsed modes, fixed-frequency and variable-frequency, have nearly equivalent ultimate sensitivities (approximately 0.1 ppt) at a SIN = 2 for the strongest electron capturing compounds, but the variable-frequency mode has the greater linear response range (approximately 10 4 ) (Patterson, 1977). Generally, compounds having electronegative moieties will react favorably with electrons, e.g., halogenic, olefinic and aromatic moieties.…”