The Sources of Long-Run Growth in Spain, 1850-2000

Escosura, Leandro Prados de la; Rosés, Joan R.

doi:10.1017/s0022050709001387

Cited by 64 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…69 69 Álvarez‐Nogal and Prados de la Escosura, ‘Decline’, derived aggregate output ( O ) by combining agricultural output ( q N ) and the indicator of economic activity outside agriculture (namely, adjusted urbanization, N′ urb‐nonagr it ), expressed in index form with 1857 as 100, with their shares in GDP in 1850–9—the earliest dates for which national accounts are available (Prados de la Escosura and Rosés, ‘Sources’)—as weights. where Sa .1850/59 represents the average share of agriculture in GDP in the 1850s (0.404). …”

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confidence: 99%

The rise and fall of Spain (1270–1850)¹

Álvarez‐Nogal

Escosura

2012

The Economic History Review

185

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Two distinctive regimes are distinguished in Spain over half a millennium. The first one (1270s-1590s) corresponds to a high land-labour ratio frontier economy, which is pastoral, trade-oriented, and led by towns. Wages and food consumption were relatively high. Sustained per capita growth occurred from the end of the Reconquest (1264) to the Black Death (1340s) and resumed from the 1390s only broken by late fifteenth-century turmoil. A second regime (1600s-1810s) corresponds to a more agricultural and densely populated low-wage economy which, although it grew at a pace similar to that of 1270-1600, remained at a lower level. Contrary to preindustrial western Europe, Spain achieved its highest living standards in the 1340s, not by mid-fifteenth century. Although its death toll was lower, the plague had a more damaging impact on Spain and, far from releasing non-existent demographic pressure, destroyed the equilibrium between scarce population and abundant resources. Pre-1350 per capita income was reached by the late sixteenth century but only exceeded after 1820.T he timing of and reasons for Spain's decline have been subjects of ongoing debate since Earl Hamilton's seminal contribution, and attempts have been made at quantifying Spain's relative position over time. 2 It has recently been suggested that Spain had attained affluence prior to its American expansion, and that this increased throughout the sixteenth century, so that by 1590 it was among the top countries in Europe in per capita income terms. 3 This finding raises the crucial question of when, and why, Spain achieved such early prosperity.This article provides a tentative answer by examining Spain's comparative performance over the half-millennium between the end of the Reconquest (1264)

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confidence: 99%

The rise and fall of Spain (1270–1850)¹

Álvarez‐Nogal

Escosura

2012

The Economic History Review

185

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“…In this respect, the accession of Spain to the EU in 1986 bolstered the Spanish economy, thus further promoting the catching-up process with the most developed countries during the 1990s. The tertiarisation of the economy was completed at the same time that substantial GDP per capita growth rates were reached (Prados de la Escosura and Rosés, 2009).…”

Section: Returnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracing the Evolution of Agglomeration Economies: Spain, 1860–1991

Tapia

Díez‐Minguela²,

Galarraga³

2018

J. Econ. Hist.

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Using district population in Spain between 1860 and 1991, recorded approximately every decade, this article examines whether initial population affects subsequent population growth. While such a relationship between these two variables hardly existed during the second half of the nineteenth century, this link increased significantly between 1910 and 1970, although this trend was abruptly interrupted by the Civil War and the autarkic period that followed. The intensity of this relationship decreased in the 1970s, a process that continued during the 1980s. Our findings also stress that agglomeration economies were stronger in medium-size districts, especially from 1960 onwards.

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“…15 A new national accounts benchmark in 1995 (CNE95) did not bring with it a splicing of CNE95 and CNE86 series. In later benchmarks (CNE00, CNE08, and CNE10), the interpolation method was resumed, but only after adjusting upwards the old benchmark for 19581954-1964CNE64 19641964-1972CNE70 19701964-1982CNE80 19801970-1985CNE86 1985/19861964-1997CNE95 1995-2004CNE00 2000-2009CNE08 2008CNE10 2010 methodological changes. 16 Thus, the gap between, say, CNE10 and CNE00-08 in the year 2010, was decomposed into methodological and statistical plus other differences.…”

Section: How Have National Accounts Been Spliced In Spain?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mismeasuring long-run growth: the bias from splicing national accounts—the case of Spain

Escosura

2015

Cliometrica

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Comparisons of economic performance over space and time largely depend on how statistical evidence from national accounts and historical estimates are spliced. To allow for changes in relative prices, GDP benchmark years in national accounts are periodically replaced with new and more recent ones. Thus, a homogeneous long-run GDP series requires linking different temporal segments of national accounts. The choice of the splicing procedure may result in substantial differences in GDP levels and growth, particularly as an economy undergoes deep structural transformation. An inadequate splicing may seriously bias the measurement of GDP levels and growth rates. Alternative splicing solutions are discussed in this paper for the particular case of Spain, a fast-growing country in the second half of the twentieth century. It is concluded that the usual linking procedure, retropolation, is seriously flawed as it tends to bias GDP levels upwards and, consequently, to underestimate growth rates, especially for developing countries experiencing structural change. An alternative interpolation procedure is proposed.

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The Sources of Long-Run Growth in Spain, 1850-2000

Cited by 64 publications

References 25 publications

The rise and fall of Spain (1270–1850)¹

The rise and fall of Spain (1270–1850)¹

Tracing the Evolution of Agglomeration Economies: Spain, 1860–1991

Mismeasuring long-run growth: the bias from splicing national accounts—the case of Spain

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The Sources of Long-Run Growth in Spain, 1850-2000

Cited by 64 publications

References 25 publications

The rise and fall of Spain (1270–1850)1

The rise and fall of Spain (1270–1850)1

Tracing the Evolution of Agglomeration Economies: Spain, 1860–1991

Mismeasuring long-run growth: the bias from splicing national accounts—the case of Spain

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Product

Resources

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The rise and fall of Spain (1270–1850)¹

The rise and fall of Spain (1270–1850)¹