The source of relatedness effects on naming latency.

Huttenlocher, Janellen; Kubicek, Lorraine F.

doi:10.1037/0278-7393.9.3.486

Cited by 109 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…An additional point that should be noted here is the replication of the frequency effect for picture naming observed by Oldfield and Wingfield (1965) and Huttenlocher and Kubicek (1983); pictures with frequently used names were named more rapidly and more accurately than pictures with infrequently used names. Moreover, Wingfield (1968) showed that the frequency effect was not due to the time needed to recognize the object, suggesting that this effect would appear to be located in the phase of lexical access.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of masked form priming in picture and word naming

1994

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We report a series of picture-and word-naming experiments in which the masked priming paradigm with prime exposures brief enough to prevent prime identification were used. Experiment 1 demonstrates that the prior presentation of the same word prime facilitates both picture and word naming independently of target frequency. In Experiments 2 and 3, primes that were pseudohomophones of picture targets produced facilitatory effects compared with orthographic controls, but these orthographically similar nonword primes did not facilitate picture naming compared with unrelated controls. On the other hand, word targets were primarily facilitated by orthographic primetarget overlap. This marked dissociation in the priming effects obtained with picture and word targets is discussed in relation to different explanations of masked form priming effects in visual word recognition and current models of picture and word naming.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of masked form priming in picture and word naming

1994

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“…Kroll and Potter (1984), however, did find a (24-ms) frequency effect in an object decision experiment. Although the word frequency effect in naming has repeatedly been confirmed (Humphreys, Riddoch, & Quinlan, 1988;Huttenlocher & Kubicek, 1983), these studies did not add to a further refinement of the locus discussion. The models that-were used distinguished only between a concept and a word, and the frequency effect was usually adduced to the word level.…”

Section: Picture Namingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Word frequency effects in speech production: Retrieval of syntactic information and of phonological form.

Jescheniak

Levelt

1994

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cogni

716

818

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In 7 experiments the authors investigated the locus of word frequency effects in speech production. Experiment 1 demonstrated a frequency effect in picture naming that was robust over repetitions. Experiments 2, 3, and 7 excluded contributions from object identification and initiation of articulation. Experiments 4 and 5 investigated whether the effect arises in accessing the syntactic word (lemma) by using a grammatical gender decision task. Although a frequency effect was found, it dissipated under repeated access to a word's gender. Experiment 6 tested whether the robust frequency effect arises in accessing the phonological form (lexeme) by having Ss translate words that produced homophones. Low-frequent homophones behaved like high-frequent controls, inheriting the accessing speed of their high-frequent homophone twins. Because homophones share the lexeme, not the lemma, this suggests a lexeme-level origin of the robust effect.The word frequency effect in speech production was discovered by Oldfield and Wingficld (1965). In a picture-naming task, they found that pictures with low-frequency (LF) names (such as syringe) took longer to name than pictures with high-frequency (HF) names (such as basket). Wingfield (1968) established this effect as a genuinely lexical one. The effect was not due to differential speeds of object recognition but to naming itself.In this research, we consider the word frequency effect in light of recent models of lexical access in speech production. In particular, we consider whether the frequency effect arises early, in selecting the semantically appropriate lexical item, or late, in the retrieval of the item's form information.The article is organized as follows. We begin by sketching a model of the production lexicon. Against the background of this model, we then derive hypotheses about the potential loci of frequency effects from data in the literature on picture naming, hesitations in spontaneous speech, and speech errors. Finally, we turn to the core of this article, an experimental investigation of these hypotheses.In seven experiments, we analyze whether the frequency effect is due to either conceptualization or articulation (it is neither), whether it arises at the early, so-called lemma level (there is a frequency effect there, but it turns out not to be the frequency effect), or whether it originates at the late word form, or lexeme level (it does). Jorg D. Jescheniak and Willem J. M. Levelt, Max-Planck-Institut fiir Psycholinguistik, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.We wish to thank Ger Desserjer, Hans Franssen, and Johan Weustink for invaluable technical assistance and Monika Baumann, Jean Fox Tree, Antje Meyer, Paul Meyer, Thomas Pechmann, Ardi Roelofs, Herbert Schriefers, Linda Wheeldon and four reviewers for helpful comments and discussions.Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Jorg D. Jescheniak, who is now at Institut fiir Psychologic FB12, Freie Universitat Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Electronic mail may be sent to jo...

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“…These names became the target label for each picture, resulting in a mean name agreement of 88% (SD = 13.4) for the experimental items. To control for frequency effects upon naming latencies (e.g., Huttenlocher & Kubicek, 1983;Jescheniak & Levelt, 1994), object category pairs (e.g., HARP-BANJO) were matched on name frequency using the English word form frequencies per million from the CELEX database (Baayen, Piepenbrock, & van Rijn, 1993). One picture from each of the 16 experimental pairs was then assigned to one of two item lists, arbitrarily called Set A and Set B, as shown in Appendix A.…”

Section: Experiments 1 Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of partner-specific memory associations on language production: Evidence from picture naming

Horton

2007

Language and Cognitive Processes

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In typical interactions, speakers frequently produce utterances that appear to reflect beliefs about the common ground shared with particular addressees. Horton and Gerrig (2005a) proposed that one important basis for audience design is the manner in which conversational partners serve as cues for the automatic retrieval of associated information from memory. This paper reports the results of two experiments demonstrating the influence of partner-specific memory associations on language production. Following an initial task designed to establish associations between specific words (Experiment 1) or object categories (Experiment 2) and each of two partners, participants named a series of pictures in the context of the same two individuals. Naming latencies were shortest for responses associated with the current partner, and were not significantly correlated with explicit recall of partner-item associations. Such partner-driven memory retrieval may constrain the information accessible to speakers as they produce utterances for particular addressees.

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The source of relatedness effects on naming latency.

Cited by 109 publications

References 12 publications

A study of masked form priming in picture and word naming

A study of masked form priming in picture and word naming

Word frequency effects in speech production: Retrieval of syntactic information and of phonological form.

The influence of partner-specific memory associations on language production: Evidence from picture naming

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