The Source Matters–Effects of High Phosphate Intake from Eight Different Sources in Dogs

Dobenecker, Britta; Kienzle, Ellen; Siedler, Stephanie

doi:10.3390/ani11123456

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Phosphorus has a major role in energy metabolism as a component of adenosine triphosphate 18 . Importantly, the consumption of diets rich www.nature.com/scientificreports/ in phosphorus is associated with adverse effects on kidney function parameters 19 . This is especially dangerous for dogs suffering from kidney disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineral and heavy metal content in dry dog foods with different main animal components

Kępińska-Pacelik

Biel

Witkowicz

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Dog caregivers, mainly for economic reasons and easy availability, choose dry, over the counter diets (OTC). The mineral composition of OTC foods depends primarily on the components used in the production of the pet food. Regardless of the main component of the food, it must meet the recommended minimum mineral content, established by nutritional guidelines. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the mineral (Ca, K, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo) and heavy metal content (Pb, Co, Cd, Cr, Ni) using the methods of colorimetry and mass spectrometry, of OTC dry dog foods and to compare with the FEDIAF and AAFCO nutritional guidelines. Dry foods pose no risk to dogs in terms of heavy metal content. The worst results in terms of mineral content were obtained in mixed foods, therefore it is worth considering feeding the dog a mono-protein food. The PCA analysis disproved our hypothesis and revealed that the main animal source did not statistically significantly affect the levels of minerals and their ratios. However, the analysis of contrasts confirms the differentiation of the content of individual minerals between the groups of foods. For the first time, we proved that pet food with a mineral composition similar to the MIN-RL may be characterized by unfavorable mineral ratios.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineral and heavy metal content in dry dog foods with different main animal components

Kępińska-Pacelik

Biel

Witkowicz

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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“…P can be released through phytate hydrolysis by enzymes before consumption, by dietary phytase, or through endogenous phosphatase and phytase from the intestinal epithelium or microbiota (Rodehutscord et al, 2016). Although phytic acid is considered to be fairly heat stable (Alonso, Grant, et al, 2000; Yoshida et al, 1980), a better understanding of the impact of processing, including sterilization in an aqueous solution, on P bioavailability for meat analogues is important to formulate foods that supply sufficient but not excess P, which potentially causes adverse health effects on organs such as the kidneys (Dobenecker et al, 2021) and pollutes the environment (Smith & Schindler, 2009). Apart from its role in P bioavailability, phytic acid may also reduce protein digestibility (Carnovale et al, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro digestibility and solubility of phosphorus of three plant‐based meat analogues

Wehrmaker,

de Groot,

Jan van der Goot

et al. 2024

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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Interest in plant‐based meat analogues has increased and can be expected to be applied to pet foods, which necessitates the understanding of the nutrient supply in those foods. Our primary aim was to advance our understanding of the digestive properties of sterilized plant‐based meat analogues. The impact of the preparatory processing steps on the solubility of meat analogues was studied. Meat analogues were made by mixing water, salt, and wheat gluten with soy protein isolate, pea protein isolate, or faba bean concentrate. Mixed materials were processed into model meat analogues using shear cell technology. Products were canned in water or gravy and sterilized. An animal‐based canned pet food was made as a reference. Products sampled at the processing steps (mixing, shearing, sterilization) were digested in vitro. Samples of digestate were taken at the gastric phase (0 and 120 min) and small intestinal phase (120, 200, 280, and 360 min) for analysis of protein hydrolysis. The extent digestion of nitrogen and dry matter was determined at the end of incubation. Total phosphorus, soluble phosphorus after acid treatment, and after acid and enzymatic treatment were determined. The degree of hydrolysis after gastric digestion was low but increased immediately in the small intestinal phase; products based on pea had the highest values (56%). Nitrogen digestibility was above 90% for all materials at each processing step, indicating that bioactive compounds were absent or inactivated in the protein isolates and concentrate. Phytate seemed to play a minor role in meat analogues, but phosphorus solubility was influenced by processing. Shearing decreased soluble phosphorus, but this effect was partly reversed by sterilization. Nutrient digestibility as well as phosphorus solubility in plant‐based products was higher than or comparable with the reference pet food. These findings show that the digestive properties of the tested plant‐based meat analogues do not limit the supply of amino acids and phosphorus.

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“…Phosphorus has a major role in energy metabolism as a component of adenosine triphosphate 18 . Importantly, the consumption of diets rich in phosphorus is associated with adverse effects on kidney function parameters 19 . This is especially dangerous for dogs suffering from kidney disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineral and heavy metal content in dry dog foods with different main animal components

Kępińska-Pacelik

Biel

Witkowicz

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Dogs’ caregivers, mainly for economic reasons and easy availability, choose dry, over the counter diets (OTC). The mineral composition of OTC foods depends primarily on the components used in the production of the pet food. Regardless of the main component of the food, it must meet the recommended minimum mineral content, established by nutritional guidelines. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the mineral (Ca, K, Mg, Na, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo) and heavy metal content (Pb, Co, Cd, Cr, Ni) using the methods of colorimetry and mass spectrometry, of OTC dry dog foods and to compare with the FEDIAF and AAFCO nutritional guidelines. Dry foods pose no risk to dogs in terms of heavy metal content. The worst results in term of mineral content were obtained in mixed foods, therefore it is worth considering feeding the dog a mono-protein food. The PCA analysis disproved our hypothesis and revealed that the main animal source did not statistically significantly affect the levels of minerals and their ratios. However, the analysis of contrasts confirms the differentiation of the content of individual minerals between the groups of foods. For the first time, we proved that pet food with a mineral composition similar to the MIN-RL may be characterized by unfavorable mineral ratios. When feeding dogs with extruded dry foods, supplementation with calcium may be necessary due to its deficiency in foods, especially in mixed foods, with components from at least two different types of animals.

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The Source Matters–Effects of High Phosphate Intake from Eight Different Sources in Dogs

Cited by 10 publications

References 53 publications

Mineral and heavy metal content in dry dog foods with different main animal components

Mineral and heavy metal content in dry dog foods with different main animal components

In vitro digestibility and solubility of phosphorus of three plant‐based meat analogues

Mineral and heavy metal content in dry dog foods with different main animal components

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