The source attribution analysis revealed the prevalent role of poultry over cattle and wild birds in human campylobacteriosis cases in the Baltic States

Mäesaar, Mihkel; Tedersoo, Triin; Meremäe, Kadrin; Roasto, Mati

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0235841

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Poultry has been reported as the main source of human infection in studies carried out in different locations including Denmark ( Joensen et al, 2020 ), Sub-Saharan Africa ( Gahamanyi et al, 2020 ), or Lithuania ( Ramonaite et al, 2017 ). On the other hand, other authors have identified as important sources of human infection both chicken and ruminants in France ( Berthenet et al, 2019 ), the United States ( Kelley et al, 2020 ), Israel ( Rokney et al, 2018 ), and Sub-Saharan Africa ( Hlashwayo et al, 2020 ) or chicken and wild birds in Baltic countries ( Mäesaar et al, 2020 ). Moreover, the detection of no major differences in the resistance profiles among isolates from different points of the chicken meat processing chain ( Dramé et al, 2020 ) suggests that AR spread is originated on upstream steps, such as the animal feeding, where the animals are exposed to antibiotics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole Resistome Analysis in Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli Genomes Available in Public Repositories

2021

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Campylobacter spp. are the most frequent agent of human gastroenteritis worldwide, and the spread of multidrug-resistant strains makes the clinical treatment difficult. The current study presents the resistome analysis of 39,798 Campylobacter jejuni and 11,920 Campylobacter coli genomes available in public repositories. Determinants of resistance to β-lactams (Be) and tetracyclines (Te) were the most frequent for both species, with resistance to quinolones (Qu) as the third most important on C. jejuni and to aminoglycosides (Am) on C. coli. Moreover, resistance to Te, Qu, and Am was frequently found in co-occurrence with resistance to other antibiotic families. Geographical differences on clonal complexes distribution were found for C. jejuni and on resistome genotypes for both C. jejuni and C. coli species. Attending to the resistome patterns by isolation source, three main clusters of genomes were found on C. jejuni genomes at antimicrobial resistance gene level. The first cluster was formed by genomes from human, food production animals (e.g., sheep, cow, and chicken), and food (e.g., dairy products) isolates. The higher incidence of tet(O), associated with tetracycline resistance, and the gyrA (T86I) single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), associated with quinolone resistance, among genomes from this cluster could be due to the intense use of these antibiotics in veterinary and human clinical settings. Similarly, a high incidence of tet(O) genes of C. coli genomes from pig, cow, and turkey was found. Moreover, the cluster based on resistome patterns formed by C. jejuni and C. coli genomes of human, turkey, and chicken origin is in agreement with previous observations reporting chicken or poultry-related environments as the main source of human campylobacteriosis infections. Most clonal complexes (CCs) associated with chicken host specialization (e.g., ST-354, ST-573, ST-464, and ST-446) were the CCs with the highest prevalence of determinants of resistance to Be, Qu, and Te. Finally, a clear trend toward an increase in the occurrence of Te and Qu resistance determinants on C. jejuni, linked to the spread of the co-occurrence of the blaOXA–61 and tet(O)-tet(O/W/O) genes and the gyrA (T86I) SNP, was found from 2001 to date in Europe.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whole Resistome Analysis in Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli Genomes Available in Public Repositories

2021

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“…Although various animal species, including wild birds, are known sources of Campylobacter infection ( Zenebe et al, 2020 ; Mughini-Gras et al, 2021 ), poultry is accepted to act as reservoirs of 50–80% of Campylobacter infections in humans, and cattle are considered to act as reservoirs of 20–30% of human infections ( European Food Safety Authority [EFSA], 2010 ). One study conducted in the Baltic States showed that clinical cases of Campylobacter jejuni ( C. jejuni ) infections in humans were associated with sources from poultry (88.3%), cattle (9.4%), and wild birds (2.3%) ( Maësaar et al, 2020 ). Another study that used multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to determine the infection source linked 64.5% of human C. jejuni infection to poultry, with cattle and wild birds accounting for 25.8 and 2.3%, respectively ( Levesque et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Campylobacter in Wild Birds: Is It an Animal and Public Health Concern?

Ahmed

Gülhan

2022

Front. Microbiol.

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Campylobacteriosis continues to be one of the leading causes of foodborne bacterial zoonotic infections worldwide. Despite its public health importance, the status of this disease in wild birds and the possibility of transmission from wild birds to domestic animals and humans have not been clearly elucidated yet. This article reviews the available literature with the aim of making a comprehensive manuscript on this disease status in wild birds and the possibility of interspecies transmission. Campylobacter has been isolated from various species of wild birds worldwide, with C. jejuni being the most commonly isolated species. The prevalence of Campylobacter in wild birds may vary depending on several factors like geographical location, season, the bird’s health status, bird species, sample type, the method used, and ecological factors. Molecular studies over the past two to three decades have characterized Campylobacter strains isolated from wild birds and have come up with results that fall into two categories. The first are those that report overlapping strains among human, domestic animal, and wild bird isolates. The results of the studies under this category emphasize that wild birds carry strains of Campylobacter, which are indistinguishable from domestic animals and humans and are therefore an important public and animal health concern. In contrast, the studies under the second category highlight significant differences in Campylobacter population structure among these hosts. Despite the controversiality and the inadequacy of current research to draw a full conclusion, the role of wild birds in the epidemiology of Campylobacter should not be undermined as drug-resistant strains, especially resistance to tetracycline and fluoroquinolones, are increasingly documented. In addition, source attribution studies have linked human cases of Campylobacter infections to wild birds. Therefore, the role of wild birds in the epidemiology of Campylobacter infection should not be neglected. However, in order to determine disease status in wild birds and the precise role of wild birds in domestic animals and human health, detail-oriented epidemiological investigations characterizing the genetic relatedness of isolates from the respective species and environment through one health approach are warranted.

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“…Over 95 million people infected with foodborne diseases were found to be linked with Campylobacter globally in 2010 [ 1 ], and an estimated 1.5 million people get infections with these pathogens each year in the United States [ 2 , 3 ]. The food animals: for example poultry, cattle, sheep, pigs, and ostriches; pets, including dogs and cats; and environmental sources, are associated with human campylobacteriosis [ 4 ]. As enteric and zoonotic pathogens, some Campylobacter spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As enteric and zoonotic pathogens, some Campylobacter spp. are well adapted as a commensal in the intestinal tract of various food-producing animals, like ruminants and poultry [ 5 ], and act as a reservoir of Campylobacter [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Molecular Detection of Campylobacter in Farmed Cattle of Selected Districts in Bangladesh

et al. 2021

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A cross-sectional survey was conducted in selected districts of Bangladesh to estimate prevalence, risk factors, and molecular detection of Campylobacter isolates from 540 farmed cattle of 90 herds. As an individual sample, 540 feces, and as a pooled sample, 180 milk samples, 90 feed samples, 90 water samples, 90 manure samples, and 90 animal attendants’ hand-rinse water were collected and tested via culture, biochemical, and molecular assays. A pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect herd-level data on risk factors with the herd owners. The herd-level data on risk factors were analyzed through univariate and multivariate analyses, and a p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant for all analyses. Overall, farm-level prevalence of bovine Campylobacter was enumerated to be 53.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 42.5–63.9%). The feces sample was found to be a high level of contamination of 30.9% (95% CI: 27–35%) followed by the manure swab (pooled) at 15.6% (95% CI: 8.8–24.7%). Campylobacter jejuni was documented as an abundant species (12.6%), followed by Campylobacter coli (5.1%), and Campylobacter fetus (0.3%). Older farms (>5 years of age), no/minimum cleaning and disinfection practices, along with animal roaming outside of the farm, were documented as significant risk factors for farm-level Campylobacter occurrence. Evidence-based control measures need to be taken through stringent biosecurity and hygienic measurement to lessen the load of the Campylobacter pathogen in the farm environment and prevent further transmission to animals and humans.

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The source attribution analysis revealed the prevalent role of poultry over cattle and wild birds in human campylobacteriosis cases in the Baltic States

Cited by 20 publications

References 33 publications

Whole Resistome Analysis in Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli Genomes Available in Public Repositories

Whole Resistome Analysis in Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli Genomes Available in Public Repositories

Campylobacter in Wild Birds: Is It an Animal and Public Health Concern?

Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Molecular Detection of Campylobacter in Farmed Cattle of Selected Districts in Bangladesh

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