The sonolysis of cytosine and thymine

Abstract

Sonolysis of cytosine has been studied at 630 kHz in the presence of air and nitrogen. The degradation products were identified by gas chromatographic – mass spectral analysis. Under aerated conditions the following products were found: urea, formyl urea, parabanic acid, isobarbituric acid, oxaluric acid, alloxan monohydrate, alloxantin, dialuric acid, and uracil glycols. Under nitrogen the degradation products were isobarbituric acid, alloxan monohydrate, and uracil glycols. The observed products have been used to develop a possible mechanism for the sonolytic degradation. There appears to be some similarity with the products reported from radiolysis studies of this compound. Sonolysis of thymine in the presence of air was reinvestigated and the gc–ms analysis shows that a previously reported, unidentified, product may be 5-hydroxy-5-methylbarbituric acid.

Mass Spectrometric Characterization of Sonochemical Transformation Products of 2’‐Deoxycytidine under Aerated Conditions: Direct Observation of Hydroxyhydroperoxide and Glycol

“…It is an additional evidence for the dependence of hydrophobicity on sonolysis. The products, 5 , 6 and 7 , even though not reported in radiolysis, their analogues were reported in the sonolysis of cytosine . The product 6 was reported by Fuciarelli et al also when DNA was subjected to US, confirming that it is an important DNA modification under US.…”

“…There are only very limited studies on the sonochemical transformations of DNA and its constituents. At the base level, sonolysis of all the pyrimidine bases were carried out, and the sonolysis of DNA as such was also studied . The most probable mechanism of the sonolytic transformation of dCyd is deduced as shown in Scheme .…”

Polymorphism in parabanic acid-urea cocrystals governed by supramolecular synthons: a comparative analysis

“…15 Parabanic acid derivatives have pharmaceutical importance in the treatment of diabetic-associated diseases. [16][17][18][19] Additionally, due to the extensive distribution of uric acid in human tissues and extracellular spaces, parabanic acid is identified as in vivo probe in singlet oxygen production. 20 Urea is agricultural and pharmaceutical importance, such as fertilizer, feed supplements, and dermatological products.…”

Structural studies of cyclic ureas: 2. Enthalpy of formation of parabanic acid

“…The reason for this interest is that parabanic acid results from the oxidation of biological fundamental compounds such as uric acid (4) [2][3][4], guanine (5) [5][6][7][8], uracil (6) [9], and alloxanic acid (7) [10]. Parabanic acid, like alloxan (8) [11], is the dead-end of all these oxidation processes. Parabanic acid is easily hydrolyzed with formation of oxaluric acid (9) [12].…”