The Sonic Scattering Layer in the Sea

Burd, Aleksander; Lee, A. J.

doi:10.1038/167624a0

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 2 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In both cases the dominant pattern in the backscatter switched from horizontal to vertical when going from the outside to the centre of the eddy. The characteristic bowl shape, co-occurring with density isolines, started when the acoustic record of the deep scattering layer (DSL) [27] shifted towards a vertical orientation in the periphery of the eddy, continuing to the bottom of the bowl at approximately 1000 m depth ( Figure 3C ). The DSL in the Iceland Basin eddies had the same bowl shape ( Figures 1F, G ) but extended a little deeper (to 1200 m).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesoscale Eddies Are Oases for Higher Trophic Marine Life

Samuelsen²,

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mesoscale eddies stimulate biological production in the ocean, but knowledge of energy transfers to higher trophic levels within eddies remains fragmented and not quantified. Increasing the knowledge base is constrained by the inability of traditional sampling methods to adequately sample biological processes at the spatio-temporal scales at which they occur.By combining satellite and acoustic observations over spatial scales of 10 s of km horizontally and 100 s of m vertically, supported by hydrographical and biological sampling we show that anticyclonic eddies shape distribution and density of marine life from the surface to bathyal depths. Fish feed along density structures of eddies, demonstrating that eddies catalyze energy transfer across trophic levels. Eddies create attractive pelagic habitats, analogous to oases in the desert, for higher trophic level aquatic organisms through enhanced 3-D motion that accumulates and redistributes biomass, contributing to overall bioproduction in the ocean.Integrating multidisciplinary observation methodologies promoted a new understanding of biophysical interaction in mesoscale eddies. Our findings emphasize the impact of eddies on the patchiness of biomass in the sea and demonstrate that they provide rich feeding habitat for higher trophic marine life.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesoscale Eddies Are Oases for Higher Trophic Marine Life

Samuelsen²,

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The echo-sounder is the only instrument capable of giving an indication of the extent of the shoals of pelagic fish which prey on macroplankton (Hodgson, 1950;Richardson, 1951;Cushing, 1952;Cushing & Richardson, 1955;Cushing, 1957a). Work since the war has shown how large these shoals may be, both adult fish and young too agile to be captured by conventional nets (Hodgson & Richardson, 1948;Burd & Lee, 1951;Cushing, 1957b). ' Sarsia' is not fitted with an echo-sounder capable of showing fish in detail and recording scattering layers.…”

Section: Echo-soundingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Work since the war has shown how large these shoals may be, both adult fish and young too agile to be captured by conventional nets (Hodgson & Richardson, 1948;Burd & Lee, 1951;Cushing, 1957b). 'Sarsia' is not fitted with an echo-sounder capable of showing fish in detail and recording scattering layers.…”

Section: Echo-soundingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The distribution of some plankton animals in the English Channel and approaches: ii. Surveys with the Gulf iii high-speed sampler, 1958-60

Southward

1962

J. Mar. Biol. Ass.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARYComparison of the recent surveys with investigations back to 1903 confirms earlier suggestions of a general tendency towards an increase in southern forms (including south-western species) and a decrease in northern forms (including north-western species) in the western English Channel, although there has been considerable fluctuation from time to time. These and other biological changes in the area during the past 58 years are believed to be largely a result of rising temperatures and a consequent general shifting of boundaries of distribution. There appears to be no real evidence that the changes in plankton distribution are due to a change in fertility in the water or of variation in strength of inflow of oceanic water. However, these aspects cannot be separated from the changes that have taken place in populations of fish, and will be discussed further in a later paper.

show abstract

“…A number of records from echo-sounders have been loosely attributed to the presence of plankton. Only two records have been adequately identified as having been produced by plankton; first, the traces offish larvae, or shallow scattering layers (Burd & Lee, 1951); and secondly, the echo layer, at the depth of the temperature discontinuity or thermocline, which is sometimes associated with plankton animals or plants (Cushing, Lee & Richardson, in press). A third type of record, that from the 'deep scattering layer', has been associated with the presence of euphausiids (Hersey & Moore, 1948;Moore, 1950;Boden, 1950): an equally plausible association with the presence of fish has been made by Marshall (1951), Tucker (1951) and Hersey & Backus (1954).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A record of plankton on the echo-sounder

Cushing

Richardson

1956

J. Mar. Biol. Ass.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A number of records from echo-sounders have been loosely attributed to the presence of plankton. Only two records have been adequately identified as having been produced by plankton; first, the traces offish larvae, or shallow scattering layers (Burd & Lee, 1951); and secondly, the echo layer, at the depth of the temperature discontinuity or thermocline, which is sometimes associated with plankton animals or plants (Cushing, Lee & Richardson, in press). A third type of record, that from the ‘deep scattering layer', has been associated with the presence of euphausiids (Hersey & Moore, 1948; Moore, 1950; Boden, 1950): an equally plausible association with the presence of fish has been made by Marshall (1951), Tucker (1951) and Hersey & Backus (1954). A fourth type of echo record, a ‘noisy’ record, will be described and will show that it is probably attributable to plankton organisms, consisting, in one instance, of euphausiids.

show abstract

The Sonic Scattering Layer in the Sea

Cited by 13 publications

References 2 publications

Mesoscale Eddies Are Oases for Higher Trophic Marine Life

Mesoscale Eddies Are Oases for Higher Trophic Marine Life

The distribution of some plankton animals in the English Channel and approaches: ii. Surveys with the Gulf iii high-speed sampler, 1958-60

A record of plankton on the echo-sounder

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About