The Somatic Growth Depressing Effect of Testosterone Propionate

Rubinstein, H. S.; Kurland, Albert A.; Goodwin, M

doi:10.1210/endo-25-5-724

Cited by 27 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…The pituitary glands were not enlarged. Similar results were obtained by Rubinstein et al [1939] and Kochakian [1940]; the latter makes no reference to the effects of continued sex hormone injection on the pituitary gland.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Moreover, the difference in the growth rates of the control and androgenized rats are similar to those observed by Rubinstein et al [1939], and indicate slight growth inhibition. The growth curve for the fifteen rats receiving both oestrogen and androgen is most instructive and shows clearly that the depression of the somatotrophic activity of the pituitary gland produced by stilboestrol can be at least partially prevented by the simultaneous administration of androgen.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 72%

“…2 shows that the depressing effect of oestrogens on growth is apparent in castrate as in normal male rats, although the growth of the former is already depressed by comparison with that of the normal animal [cf. Rubinstein, Kurland & Goodwin, 1939]. The growth of castrated rats with oestrone tablets is rather more depressed than that of normal rats with (15 mg.) oestrone tablets of similar size.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The protection of the male from the pituitary-depressing action of oestro¬ gens by the injection of androgens seems to have been little investigated. Such a study is inherently complicated, since androgens themselves may cause depression of pituitary activity in the male [Rubinstein et al, 1939]. Wolfe & Hamilton [1937] made a histological study of the pituitary glands of male rats injected simultaneously with oestrone and testosterone pro¬ pionate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantitative Study of the Effects of Implanting Tablets of Oestrogens and Androgens in Rats

Deanesly¹,

Parkes²

1940

Journal of Endocrinology

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The prolonged administration of oestrogenic substances to male animals produces very marked effects. The more interesting of these effects, notably those on growth and on the gonads, are apparently exerted indirectly by depression of hypophyseal activity. Much of the work has been carried out on the male rat, in which stunting of the body and atrophy of the testes can readily be obtained by prolonged administration of oestrogens. This capacity to depress pituitary activity is seen both in the naturally-occurring oestrogens and in the synthetic oestrogens such as diethylstilboestrol [Noble, 1939].It is already known that substances which have multiple properties in common may not show them equally intensely. As an extreme example it may be recalled that methyl testosterone is highly androgenic and slightly progestational, while progesterone is highly progestational and faintly androgenic. Also, evidence is already appearing that the various multiple activities of the oestrogens are not equally intense in all oestro¬ genic substances. Thus, the theoretical possibility exists that further work will result in the preparation of substances which, for instance, depress pituitary activity but do not cause the characteristic changes in the reproductive tract of the female, or again, of substances which depress only one pituitary function. Such substances might be of great practical as well as theoretical interest, since the use of existing oestrogens to correct an overactivity of the pituitary gland (overgrowth, for instance) would lead to unwanted hyperplasia in the reproductive tract.Detailed comparison of different substances can only be made by accu¬ rately assaying all their known activities, and it is important that a full range of appropriate methods should be available. Accurate methods have already been worked out for many of the activities, but quantitative study of the antigrowth and antigonad effect has not yet progressed far. Both of these are essentially long-term effects and it has already been shown that administration of the substances by the tablet implantation technique produces the result effectively and with the minimum of labour [Deanesly, 1939]. The present paper provides a quantitative basis for the simple comparison of the antipituitary activity of oestrogenic substances. Kk

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 72%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Quantitative Study of the Effects of Implanting Tablets of Oestrogens and Androgens in Rats

Deanesly¹,

Parkes²

1940

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…This confirms the earlier reports as to the opposite effect from the administration of androgens in dogs and man. This has been confirmed on castrated rats (175), but in young rats high doses (1 mg.) for twenty-six to eighty days causes slower growth (176). In castrated rats the increase in body weight produced by tes tosterone propionate is paralleled by an increased retention of exog enous creatine by skeletal muscle (177).…”

Section: Separation Of Androgens and Related Compounds From Urinementioning

confidence: 99%

Hormones

Koch¹

1940

Annu. Rev. Biochem.

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Because the more definitely biochemical advances in the field of hormones are very nearly limited to those of the steroid type together with the limited space available for reviewing a very extensive litera ture, I have taken advantage of the editors' liberal policy and have limited this review to the biochemistry of the steroid hormones. ESTROGENSDistribution and forms of estrogens.-Although all of the estro gen activity in cow and hog ovaries is considered to be in the free form, only 50 to 75 per cent is free in the horse ovary or its follicular fluid (1). During pregnancy 50 to 75 per cent of the blood estrogens in women are in the free form (2). The best method of hydrolysis of the conjugated forms of estrogens in pregnancy urine is still a prob lem. One g.roup recommends boiling the pregnancy urine for ten minutes with 15 per cent concentrated hydrochloric added. Longer heating results in serious loss of estrogens (3). Others recommend that the urine from pregnant mares be allowed to stand at pH 0.4 to 0.6 at room temperature for at least four weeks (4). The writer, in studies on urine from normal men and nonpregnant women, has obtained the highest yield of estrogens by boiling the urine previously acidified to pH 1 to 1.2 with hydrochloric acid for fifteen minutes.Longer boiling at this pH also causes destruction of estrogens. The gradual increase in the urinary excretion of estrogens in women to a peak of 80,000 rat units near the termination has been confirmed, but in one case of toxemia of pregnancy, the excretion was subnormal.

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Polyploidization of rat liver following sex hormone administration to castrate and intact rats

Swartz

Sams

1961

Anat. Rec.

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This study was initiated to clarify and extend our previously reported investigation of the effect of castration on development of polyploid nuclei in the rat liver (Swartz, Sams and Barton, '60). It was then observed that lack of sex hormone was associated with a 50% or greater loss of octaploid nuclei in both sexes while diploid and tetraploid percentages remained unaltered. This relative decrease of octaploid ( 8 N ) population appeared to be superimposed upon the more generalized and widely recognized growth response of the two sexes to hormonal deprivation, in which males show a decreased, and females an increased, growth rate. The observations suggested that the liver, in addition to adherence to general bodily growth pattern, exhibits a specific response to estrogen and testosterone manifested by cytological shifts in particular cell populations. In this sense the liver appeared to exhibit a growth pattern similar to that of the sex accessories under hormonal stimulation.The apparent dependency of the 8N class of liver nuclei on sex hormones led us to initiate the following three experiments: {a) study of polyploidization following sex hormone administration to castrate weanling rats; (b) study of effect on polyploidization of sex hormone administration to intact newborn rats; (c) polyploidization following sex steroid administration to hypophysectomized castrate weanling rats. The results of the first two studies will be reported and discussed here, and the third, not yet complete, will be the subject of a separate paper. For the sake of clarity the two investigations will be reported individually, the first under the heading "(a) sex hormone-castrate'' and the second under the heading "(b) sex hormone-intact ." MATERIAL AND METHODSSex hormone-castrate. Animals comprising this study represent all surviving males and females from 3 litters of Sprague-Dawley rats castrated at time of weaning. Hadf the castrate females were given 0.08 mg of estrone (Parke, Davis and Co. Theelin, aqueous suspension) subcutaneously three times per week and half the castrate males 0.5 mg testosterone (Schering Oreton, aqueous suspension) daily (except Sunday) until 80 days of age, after which they received 1.0 mg injections on the same schedule. Littermate controls were given an equal number of 0.9% saline injections of equal volume. The animals were maintained on and ad libitum diet of Purina Laboratory Chow and weighed weekly. 4t 130 -t-3 days of age all were killed by stunning and decapitation. Liver cubes, approximately 2 mm, were fixed overnight in Lavdowsky's fluid and cut at 10 LI following routine ethyl alcohol-paraffin processing. Liver weight, tail length and humerus length were obtained. Percentages of polyploid nuclei were determined both by microdensitometry and visual classification on Feulgen-stained sections, as previously described (Swartz and Ford, '60). P values and standard errors were derived from the t test for small samples as described by Bancroft ('57).Sex hormone-intact. These animals represent the sur...

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The Somatic Growth Depressing Effect of Testosterone Propionate

Cited by 27 publications

References 1 publication

Quantitative Study of the Effects of Implanting Tablets of Oestrogens and Androgens in Rats

Quantitative Study of the Effects of Implanting Tablets of Oestrogens and Androgens in Rats

Hormones

Polyploidization of rat liver following sex hormone administration to castrate and intact rats

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