The solubility of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) compounds in soil and their availability to plants

Selective extraction of chromium(VI) using a leaching procedure with sodium carbonate from some plant leaves, soil and sediment samples

“…The result agrees with findings in reference [46]. The data given in Table 4, show that only a small portion, more than 10%, of the total Cr present in the plant leaves, except for fig sample, under examination in this study are Cr(VI) compounds.…”

“…However, plants have generally little capacity to uptake chromium and to transfer it to aerial parts [42][43][44][45][46]. In normal conditions, chromium concentrations in plants are less than 1 g g −1 .…”

Chromium-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation by Altering the Enzymatic Antioxidant System and Associated Cytotoxic, Genotoxic, Ultrastructural, and Photosynthetic Changes in Plants

“…Hexavalent form of Cr is a potentially strong oxidizing agent, and higher water solubility, mobility, and bioavailability make it the most toxic form of Cr as compared to other Cr species [4]. The oxygenated environment can convert Cr(III) into Cr(VI), the factors that are involved in maintaining the proper ratio of these Cr forms are oxygen concentration, pH, complexing factors, and reducing agents [5].…”

50 years of different landscape management influencing retention of metals in soils

“…2). The mobility of Cr depends on soil redox conditions through changes in Cr oxidation states (Cr VI /Cr III ) which correspond to anion/cation Cr forms (Mandiwana et al, 2007) however, the presence of hexavalent Cr in investigated samples is hardly probable, due to the lack of its source. Trivalent Cr forms are insoluble and protect plants against Cr uptake but low molecular organic acids (root exudates) are found to be effective chelators of trivalent Cr (Mandiwana et al, 2007).…”