The Soils of Palestine

Reifenberg, A.

doi:10.1097/00010694-194102000-00012

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…Bedding intensity and density of crevices varies per layer and site. On top of the bedrock, loess has been deposited from the Quaternary onwards (Reifenberg, 1947;Bruins, 1986). Soils are formed within the (redeposited) loess deposits (silty to loamy), although soil depth is limited and soil formation is very slow.…”

Section: Catchmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling dynamic water redistribution patterns in arid catchments in the Negev Desert of Israel

Buis

Veldkamp

2007

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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In arid climate regions, redistribution of runoff water is highly relevant for vegetation development. The process of water redistribution at catchment scale is studied with the landscape process model LAPSUS, mainly used for erosion and sedimentation modelling. LAPSUS, formerly applied in Mediterranean climates, is modified to deal with the arid climate of the Negev Desert of Israel. Daily event based model runs were used instead of yearly model runs, and the infiltration module was modified to better represent the spatial diversity in water availability in an arid catchment. The model is calibrated for two small catchments in the Negev Desert of Israel, Halluqim and Avdat. First, a sensitivity analysis of the modified LAPSUS is performed. Pore volume appears to have an especially strong influence on the modelling results. Second, the capability of LAPSUS to deal with varying surface characteristics is assessed by comparing the water redistribution patterns in the two catchments with field data. Simulation results demonstrate that the catchments respond very differently to precipitation. Water redistribution is larger in the dominantly bedrock covered Halluqim compared to the dominantly loess covered catchment of Avdat. Consequently, Halluqim has more positions with water accumulation than Avdat, and can sustain a larger vegetation cover, including Mediterranean species. Finally, the modelled infiltration patterns are compared with vegetation cover in the catchments. The results indicate that there is a broad agreement between infiltration and vegetation patterns, but locally there is a strong mismatch, indicating that some of the involved processes are still missing from the model.

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Section: Catchmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling dynamic water redistribution patterns in arid catchments in the Negev Desert of Israel

Buis

Veldkamp

2007

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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“…The latter terminology was used mainly in older studies (e.g. Moormann, 1959;Reifenberg, 1947), which to some degree is connected to the fact that more sophisticated classification systems had not yet been developed. However, previous studies have demonstrated that the terms "Terra Rossa" and "Red Mediterranean Soil" can still be useful due to their simplicity (Lucke, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, previous studies have demonstrated that the terms "Terra Rossa" and "Red Mediterranean Soil" can still be useful due to their simplicity (Lucke, 2008). "Terra Rossa" is restricted to red soils developed on limestone (Reifenberg, 1947), while "Red Mediterranean Soils" include red soils on any parent materialsuch as basalt or sandstone -which occur in a Mediterranean climate zone (Moormann, 1959, 23).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore red iron-bearing elements would be more likely to precipitate in soils of Mediterranean climates with lower humus contents. Reifenberg (1927Reifenberg ( , 1947 argued that the elements driving the growth of clay minerals were not supplied by external sources, but by ascending water from the underlying calcareous rocks. In his model, silicic acids rather than humus provide the "colloid" that prevents flocculation of sesquioxides prior to the ascension of ions into the rock pores and the soil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Red Mediterranean Soils in Jordan: New insights in their origin, genesis, and role as environmental archives

Lücke

Kemnitz

Bäumler

et al. 2014

CATENA

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It is disputed whether Terrae Rossae form mainly out of the bedrock residue, from allochthonous material like aerosols, or by isovolumetric replacement. Furthermore, whether they are mainly relic soils or are still forming is subject to debate. These questions were addressed by comparing the geochemistry of several limestone and basalt based Red Mediterranean Soils with Lithosols on sandstone and limestone in Jordan. The bedrock residue was included at all test sites. Paleosols and initial soils on the limestone Regolith of historic ruins delivered insights into the possible time frame of soil development. A major reduction of elements in the soils compared to bedrock could be observed for CaO in carbonaceous, SiO 2 in arenaceous, and Fe 2 O 3 and MgO in basaltic rocks. All Terrae Rossae, however, are characterised by a significant increase of SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , K 2 O, and a range of mainly metallic minor elements that cannot be derived from the bedrock. A reasonable explanation could be input via aeolian transfer of minerals, with clay minerals as the major carrier plus quartz. This input probably originates in Egypt and Sudan and has remained largely unchanged over long periods. Growing aridity during the Holocene has apparently increased the share of silt while clay deposition and soil development has been reduced. At some sites, metasomatic processes have contributed to soil development and might help to explain the depth of some profiles. However, formation of red soils during the Holocene seems very limited, and the Red Mediterranean Soils may represent remains of a paleolandscape.

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“…The terra-rossa and rendzina soils were studied extensively by various investigators [1,3,[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] and their genesis has been established (see, for example [1,16]). Little, however, is known about the properties and genesis of the Mediterranean brown forest soils.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clay Mineralogy of Mediterranean Brown Forest Soil

Gal

1970

Israel Journal of Chemistry

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The mineralogical composition of the clay fraction and the non -carbonate residue in the parent rocks of 9 Mediterranean brown forest soils was determined, using X-ray diffraction DTA, Integral Thermal Analysis, electron microscopy and precise chemical analytical technique. kaolin. h I f ' f h 'I d i th The percentage ratio (montmorin + illite) in t e c ay raction 0 t e SOl an in e noncarbonate residue of the corresponding parent material was analyzed statistically and found low correlation. This is to be expected because of the great variability in the parent rock and the difflculty of collecting representative samples of the rocks. The genesis of these soils was compared to that of terra-rossa and rendzina soils (for which there is a very high correlation between rock and clay). The dominant clay mineral present was montmorillonite. In some soils fairly high amounts of kaolin were found. The basis for considering this soil type as a bridge between terra-rossa and rendzina is discussed.

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The Soils of Palestine

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Modelling dynamic water redistribution patterns in arid catchments in the Negev Desert of Israel

Modelling dynamic water redistribution patterns in arid catchments in the Negev Desert of Israel

Red Mediterranean Soils in Jordan: New insights in their origin, genesis, and role as environmental archives

Clay Mineralogy of Mediterranean Brown Forest Soil

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