The soft rot Erwinia

Charkowski, Amy O.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-4538-7_13

Cited by 55 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 300 publications

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“…In particular, the close proximity of the endosymbiont to the gut lumen of the first midgut section (m1) suggests a potential participation in nutrient digestion. This idea is conceivable when one considers that the next phylogenetically related bacteria are plant-pathogenic enterobacteria such as Dickeya or Pectobacterium (52), which can break down plant cell wall material by the production of different kinds of pectolytic enzymes, cellulases, and proteases, causing necrosis, blight, and soft rot, a form of progressive tissue degradation (12,57). A similar decomposition process of carbohydrates with the help of symbionts may take place in the anterior midgut of Chilacis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, Erwinia (alternatively, Dickeya) is also pathogenic (4,18). The potential virulence factors produced by most species of the Erwinia group to infect plant tissue (12) or insect tissue (18) might have originally played a role for the penetration of intestinal cells in Chilacis. In this context, further research is required to investigate in more detail the function and evolutionary pathways of the Erwinia-related endosymbiont in Chilacis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characterization of an Obligate Intracellular Bacterium in the Midgut Epithelium of the Bulrush Bug Chilacis typhae (Heteroptera, Lygaeidae, Artheneinae)

Kuechler

Dettner

Kehl

2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Many members of the suborder Heteroptera have symbiotic bacteria, which are usually found extracellularly in specific sacs or tubular outgrowths of the midgut or intracellularly in mycetomes. In this study, we describe the second molecular characterization of a symbiotic bacterium in a monophagous, seed-sucking stink bug of the family Lygaeidae (sensu stricto). Chilacis typhae possesses at the end of the first section of the midgut a structure which is composed of circularly arranged, strongly enlarged midgut epithelial cells. It is filled with an intracellular endosymbiont. This "mycetocytic belt" might represent an evolutionarily intermediate stage of the usual symbiotic structures found in stink bugs. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA and the groEL genes showed that the bacterium belongs to the Gammaproteobacteria, and it revealed a phylogenetic relationship with a secondary bacterial endosymbiont of Cimex lectularius and free-living plant pathogens such as Pectobacterium and Dickeya. The distribution and ultrastructure of the rod-shaped Chilacis endosymbiont were studied in adults and nymph stages using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and electron microscopy. The detection of symbionts at the anterior poles of developing eggs indicates that endosymbionts are transmitted vertically. A new genus and species name, "Candidatus Rohrkolberia cinguli," is proposed for this newly characterized clade of symbiotic bacteria.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of an Obligate Intracellular Bacterium in the Midgut Epithelium of the Bulrush Bug Chilacis typhae (Heteroptera, Lygaeidae, Artheneinae)

Kuechler

Dettner

Kehl

2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…carotovorum (Jones) Hauben et al is considered the main bacterial disease of several economically important crops not only in Brazil but also worldwide (Charkowski, 2006;Zhang et al, 2012), including lettuce (Cariddi and Sanzani, 2013). In the state of Pernambuco, in the northeast of Brazil, lettuce production is concentrated in the municipality of Vitória de Santo Antão, where it is usually planted with successive crops throughout the year, and soft rot can cause extensive losses, mainly under high temperature and humidity conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lettuce genotype resistance to "soft rot" caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum

Félix

Oliveira

Mariano

et al. 2014

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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Soft rot, caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (Pcc), is the main bacterial disease affecting lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) crops in Brazil and leads to significant yield losses. This study aimed to assess the reaction of lettuce genotypes to soft rot induced by a virulent isolate and the stability of the resistance to three isolates varying in virulence. Using a descriptive ordinal scale ranging from 1 to 9 a classification system was defined: class 1 = resistant (R): severity (Sev) < 1.5; class 2 = moderately resistant (MR): 1.5 ≤ Sev < 2.5; class 3 = susceptible (S): 2.5 ≤ Sev < 3.5; class 4 = highly susceptible (HS): Sev ≥ 3.5). Of the 41 tested genotypes, 14 were classified as MR and 27 as S when inoculated with a Pcc isolate of intermediate virulence. Eleven of these genotypes (four S and seven MR) were selected to test their resistance stability against three other isolates with an increasing degree of virulence (Pcc-36 < Pcc-A1.1 < Pcc-23). Out of the 11 genotypes eight retained the original classification and three moved from S to MR resistant class when challenged with the least virulent isolate. Vitória de Santo Antão was the only genotype classified as MR for all tested isolates and is a promising candidate for durable soft rot resistance breeding.

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“…To prove the presence of pectinovor species, 1 ml of the primary dilution was plated onto CVP agar and incubated at 28 o C for 48 hours. The bacterial colonies that took on a characteristic morphology were plated with a calibrated inoculating loop onto King B agar, and incubated again for 48 hours at 28 o C. Creamy immuno-fluorescent colonies were identified as Erwinia species, whereas the colonies that produced fluorescent pigment were identified as Pseudomonas species (30). All nutrient media used for standard and biochemical tests were obtained from Torlak, Belgrade, except CVP and King B agar which were obtained from HiMedia, India.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Microbiological Status of (Ready to Eat) Lettuce Before and After Standard Washing

Topalic

Savić

Kovačević

et al. 2014

GHTERS

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Lettuce is a vegetable that is always consumed raw. The number and types of microorganisms that may be found on the lettuce leaves depend on growing, harvesting, and particularly on handling practices, like proper washing and preparing lettuce before eating. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect that washing under running water has on the microbiological status of lettuce leaves purchased from the local market place in Banja Luka. Smears were taken from the obverse and reverse sides of lettuce leaves, and the total count of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, yeasts and molds was determined as well as the presence of sulphite-reducing clostridia, the coagulase positive staphylococci, Salmonella species, and Escherichia coli. The analysis showed that the washing reduced the total count of aerobic mesophilic bacteria by approximately 10 times, and the total count of yeasts and molds by approximately 8 times. Of the lettuce samples examined, 66,67% contained sulphite-reducing clostridia and 13,33% Salmonella species, before the washing. The number of samples with sulphite-reducing clostridia was reduced by five times after the washing, but the number of samples contaminated with Salmonella species remained the same.

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The soft rot Erwinia

Cited by 55 publications

References 300 publications

Characterization of an Obligate Intracellular Bacterium in the Midgut Epithelium of the Bulrush Bug Chilacis typhae (Heteroptera, Lygaeidae, Artheneinae)

Characterization of an Obligate Intracellular Bacterium in the Midgut Epithelium of the Bulrush Bug Chilacis typhae (Heteroptera, Lygaeidae, Artheneinae)

Lettuce genotype resistance to "soft rot" caused by Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum

The Microbiological Status of (Ready to Eat) Lettuce Before and After Standard Washing

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