The socioeconomic distribution of cancer of various sites in Buffalo, N.Y., 1948–1952

Graham, Saxon; Levin, Morton L.; Lilienfeld, Abraham M.

doi:10.1002/1097-0142(196001/02)13:1<180::aid-cncr2820130129>3.0.co;2-6

Cited by 88 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…It is quite conceivable that more individuals in the older age group than in young age group have suffered from chronic hypoxia because of chronic lung diseases, though clinically asymptomatic, or directly because of chronic smoking. No difference in the MCV because of sex, however, co ild be explained on the basis of smoking effects on the MCV because it has been generally thought that there are more smokers in male than in female groups (Graham, Levin, and Lilienfeld, 1960). I should like to thank Mr P. Richman for the illustrations and Miss M. Baalson for typing the manuscript.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Red cell size as measured by the Coulter model S

Okuno

1972

J Clin Pathol

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Red cell size as measured by the Coulter model S

Okuno

1972

J Clin Pathol

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“…Other studies indicate a larger gradient with socioeconomic status. 13 Religion and Race-No differences of any consequence are observed within these two variables (Table 3). This needs to be qualified by the appearance of a relatively high risk among Jewish women when the data are restricted to incidence cases (observed to expected ratios; 1.25 for Jews, 0.88 for nonJews) .…”

Section: Data Used For Risk Factor Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The search for risk factors in breast cancer.

Shapiro¹,

Strax²,

Venet³

et al. 1968

Am J Public Health Nations Health

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This paper deals with a long-term prospective study of breast cancer to determine the value of periodic screening for this condition, which also incorporates epidemiologic objectives. The methodology of the study, the variables included, and preliminary observations based on detected cases are presented. THE difficulties in conducting prospective studies on comparatively low incidence diseases are so severe that they are rarely undertaken for a specific condition. This holds for breast cancer despite the fact that an estimated 6 per cent of the women develop the disease during their lifetime and about one in five of the deaths from cancer among women is attributable to this condition. However, an opportunity has recently presented itself to incorporate epidemiological objectives related to breast cancer in a long-term prospective study whose main purpose is to investigate the value of periodic breast cancer screening. This paper presents the methodology of the study, the variables included, and preliminary observations based on the breast cancer cases detected in the early stages of the investigation. Before proceeding to this discussion, a brief review of where we are in understanding the epidemiology of breast cancer is in order. THE SEARCH FOR RISK FACTORS IN BREAST CANCERThe outstanding characteristic of the search for risk factors in female breast cancer is the lack of success in identifying specific parameters that are strongly associated with the incidence of the disease. The unifying element in these efforts is a hormonal hypothesis, whether the investigation is concerned with socio-

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“…The precipitous decline in incidence of gastric cancer over the last few decades (1), the strong increase in risk with decreases in socioeconomic status (2), and the substantially higher risk in certain ethnic groups [e.g., Japanese and Polynesians (3)(4)(5), as well as certain ethnic groups on mainland United States (6)] all suggest that something peculiar to the environment may increase risk. The alimentary environment is a likely candidate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet in the epidemiology of gastric cancer

Graham¹,

Haughey²,

Marshall³

et al. 1990

Nutrition and Cancer

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146

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We examined the nutritional epidemiology of gastric cancer in 293 cases and neighborhood-, age-, and sex-matched controls in communities throughout the counties of Niagara, Monroe, and Erie in western New York. The interview was highly detailed, requiring two and one-half hours to complete; it attempted to provide an estimate of total calories ingested as well as of macro- and micronutrients and behaviors that could affect alimentary exposures, such as the use of refrigeration. We found that risk was enhanced by sodium, fat, and retinol. Substantial reductions in risk were associated with ingestion of carotene, especially raw vegetables (including celery, cucumbers, carrots, green peppers, tomatoes, and onions), as well as with increased use of low-temperature food storage. Both refrigeration and carotene could inhibit oxidation products that could act as carcinogens in the stomach.

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The socioeconomic distribution of cancer of various sites in Buffalo, N.Y., 1948–1952

Cited by 88 publications

References 8 publications

Red cell size as measured by the Coulter model S

Red cell size as measured by the Coulter model S

The search for risk factors in breast cancer.

Diet in the epidemiology of gastric cancer

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