The socio-spatial distribution of walkable environments in urban scotland: A case study from Glasgow and Edinburgh

Kenyon, Anna; Pearce, Jamie

doi:10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100461

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(56 reference statements)

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“…Respectively, in Madrid, the higher the socioeconomic neighbourhood status in the city, the lower the neighbourhood walkability index, while in gentrified and newly built areas this disadvantage was absent. Furthermore, a recent Scotland-based research [11] used a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based walkability index to demonstrate that higher area deprivation is not related to worse access to walkable areas.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is walkability equally distributed among downtowners? Evaluating the pedestrian streetscapes of eight European capitals using a micro-scale audit approach

Bartzokas-Tsiompras¹,

Tampouraki²,

Photis³

2020

Int. J. TDI

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In this paper, we evaluate different elements of the urban micro-scale environment in eight European capitals' downtown areas (i.e. Vienna, Copenhagen, Warsaw, Madrid, Brussels, Budapest, Athens and Sofia) to provide insight into inequalities in walkability benefits due to spatial distribution. To this end, we utilize MAPS-Mini, the brief version of Microscale Audit of Pedestrian Streetscapes to record and assess, at the street level, 15 walkability related items based on the Google Street View service. Our total sample consists of about 15.736 street segments/crossings, while for reliability analysis reasons, a second rater was employed to cross assess 10% of street segments per city. Results showed that Vienna and Athens had the highest (50.4%) and lowest (32.1%) overall walkability scores, respectively. Assessments were further combined with the population estimates of the European Urban Atlas 2012 dataset to perform equity analysis by estimating the distribution of average walkability scores among the population living downtown in the examined cities. In doing so, we used the Gini (G.) index and constructed Lorenz curve graphs. Our findings reveal a landscape of high inequality in downtown walkability distribution since all Gini coefficients were higher than 0.43. However, the inequality was greatest in Brussels (G. = 0.60) and lowest in Budapest (G. = 0.43). Additionally, we used spatial statistics tests (i.e. global and local Moran's I) to identify global and local patterns of walkability and population. The results indicated a highly clustered pattern of walkability across all downtowns and designated several clusters of uneven walkability geographies. Our approach sheds light on the application of active mobility strategies in different European cities, highlighting at the same time the need for further research to provide a clearer assessment of the spatial distribution of inequalities in social benefits and impact when designing sustainable urban neighbourhoods.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is walkability equally distributed among downtowners? Evaluating the pedestrian streetscapes of eight European capitals using a micro-scale audit approach

Bartzokas-Tsiompras¹,

Tampouraki²,

Photis³

2020

Int. J. TDI

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“…41 Nonetheless, various factors that were not evaluated in this study might be linked to our findings, such as the availability of accessible sports facilities, walkability, and destinations within walking distance. 42,43 Although no parent-associated determinants were significantly associated with healthy lifestyles among adolescents in this study, certain aspects should be highlighted to interpret these findings adequately. Several parent-associated determinants were not assessed in this study, such as parental occupational status and the home food environment involving parents (parenting style/feeding practices, food rules, parents' perceptions of food costs).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Relationships of Child-, Parents-, and Environment-Associated Determinants with Diet Quality, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits Among Indonesian Urban Adolescents

2021

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Background: The trend of unhealthy lifestyles is increasing among adolescents and has been associated with the rising burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). However, specific determinants of unhealthy lifestyles among adolescents in low- and middle-income countries remain limited. Objective: To investigate the relationships of child-, parents-, and environment-associated determinants with diet quality, physical activity, and smoking habits among low-socioeconomic urban adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 238 adolescents aged 11 to 17 years was conducted in Jakarta, Indonesia. Adolescents and their parents were interviewed to assess the determinants of healthy lifestyles that included diet quality, physical activity, and smoking habits. Diet and physical activity were quantified using the Diet Quality Index for Adolescents (DQI-A) and Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C), respectively. Multiple regression was used to determine the β coefficients and odds ratios predictive of healthy lifestyles. Results: Mean scores of DQI-A and PAQ-C were considered low (33.5% ± 8.9% and 2.1 ± 0.5, respectively). Overall, 17.6% of adolescents were smokers, with 88% of these being males. Predictors of diet quality were child- (age, gender) and environment-associated (house size, access to a computer) determinants with β coefficients of −6.52 to 3.26. The PAQ-C score was associated with child- (female) and environment-associated (living area) determinants with β coefficients of −0.45 and 0.14, respectively. Younger adolescents and females were protective factors for smoking. Parents-associated determinants were not associated with any lifestyle indicators. Conclusions: Child- and environment-associated determinants were predictors of healthy lifestyles among adolescents. Thus, personal empowerment and environment transformation are needed to facilitate a healthy lifestyle and reduce the burden of NCDs among adolescents.

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“…Many of the UK studies that cover walkability focus on access to parks and greenspace, and mirror the international literature in finding lower access in more deprived areas (Mitchell and Popham, 2008;Wheeler et al, 2015;Ferguson et al, 2018;Mears et al, 2019). One study that looked at walkability more widely is Kenyon and Pearce's (2019) analysis of walkability in Glasgow and Edinburgh. The authors measure walkability by combining residential density, intersection density and destination accessibility.…”

Section: Equity and Active Travel Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Equity in new active travel infrastructure: a spatial analysis of London’s new Low Traffic Neighbourhoods

Aldred¹,

Verlinghieri²,

Sharkey³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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In this article we examine equity in new active travel infrastructure in London, UK. We focus on Low Traffic Neighbourhood schemes (LTNs) introduced during Covid-19. These mainly involve ‘modal filters’ that restrict through motor traffic from residential streets. Such approaches to traffic management are traditional in the Netherlands, but relatively new in London and other global cities such as Barcelona. LTNs are often controversial, with one criticism being that they are implemented in affluent areas and hence benefit richer residents. London represents an excellent opportunity to investigate the extent to which these rapidly introduced schemes have so far been equitably distributed.We focused on LTNs introduced between March and September 2020 and still present at the end of October 2020. Having generated datasets representing these new LTN locations and their boundary roads, we matched these to Output Areas (OAs, administrative areas containing around 300 residents). We then examined the extent to which LTN implementation was associated with age, ethnicity, disability, employment and car ownership (Census 2011) and small-area deprivation (Index of Multiple Deprivation 2019). We estimated that 3.7% of all Londoners live inside a new LTN, and 8.8% live within 500m walking distance of a new modal filter. Across London as a whole, people in the most deprived quarter of OAs were 2.7 times more likely to live in or near a new LTN, compared to Londoners in the least deprived quarter. While overall Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) people were slightly more likely than White Londoners to live in a new LTN, this varied by ethnic group. Specifically, Black Londoners were somewhat more likely, and Asian Londoners somewhat less likely than White people to live in or near a new LTN. Car-free households were more likely to live in or near a new LTN. Within London’s districts – which lead the implementation of LTNs - there was wide variation, with people in more deprived areas and/or ethnic minorities more likely to live in an LTN in some districts, less likely in others. In the median (‘typical’) district, people in more deprived areas were more likely to live in an LTN than people in less deprived areas, suggesting that, on average, individual districts have prioritised their more deprived areas. However, in the median district, BAME residents were slightly less likely to live in an LTN than White residents. Finally, at the micro level, residents living in LTNs were demographically similar to neighbours living in OAs that touched an LTN boundary road. We conclude that LTN implementation has been broadly equitable at the city level and at the micro level, but not always at the district level. Such metrics should be used in policy and research to monitor and improve the equity of active travel interventions.

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The socio-spatial distribution of walkable environments in urban scotland: A case study from Glasgow and Edinburgh

Cited by 15 publications

References 42 publications

Is walkability equally distributed among downtowners? Evaluating the pedestrian streetscapes of eight European capitals using a micro-scale audit approach

Is walkability equally distributed among downtowners? Evaluating the pedestrian streetscapes of eight European capitals using a micro-scale audit approach

Relationships of Child-, Parents-, and Environment-Associated Determinants with Diet Quality, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits Among Indonesian Urban Adolescents

Equity in new active travel infrastructure: a spatial analysis of London’s new Low Traffic Neighbourhoods

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