The societal cost of depression: Evidence from 10,000 Swedish patients in psychiatric care

Ekman, Mattias; Granström, Ola; Omérov, Sead; Jacob, Johanna; Landén, Mikael

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2013.03.003

Cited by 93 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…As shown by Luppa et al [47], indirect costs from productivity losses cause the greatest portion of total costs. In a recent cost-of-illness study conducted by Ekman et al [48], the indirect cost accounted for 88% of the total costs. Based on these observations, it could be concluded that a CUA which does not consider productivity losses does not capture the whole societal impact of the intervention under evaluation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost-Utility Analyses of Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy of Depression: A Systematic Review

Brettschneider¹,

Djadran²,

Härter³

et al. 2014

Psychother Psychosom

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Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) causes a massive disease burden worldwide. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is an important treatment approach for depression. Cost-utility analysis (CUA) is a method to support decisions on efficient allocation of resources in health policy. The objective of our study was to systematically review CUA of CBT in the treatment of patients suffering from MDD. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search in Medline, Embase, PsycINFO and National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database (NHS EED) to identify CUA of CBT for MDD. Cost data were inflated to the year 2011 and converted into USD using purchasing power parities (USD PPP) to ensure comparability of the data. Quality assessment of CUA was performed. Results: Twenty-two studies were included in this systematic review. No study employed a time horizon of more than 5 years. In most studies, individual and group CBT as well as CBT for maintenance showed acceptable incremental cost-utility ratios (<50,000 USD PPP/quality-adjusted life year). The CUA results of CBT for children and adolescents and of computerized CBT were inconsistent. Discussion: We found consistent evidence that individualized CBT is cost-effective from the perspective of a third-party payer for short-term treatment and for relapse prevention of MDD in the adult population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cost-Utility Analyses of Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy of Depression: A Systematic Review

Brettschneider¹,

Djadran²,

Härter³

et al. 2014

Psychother Psychosom

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“…Reduced work productivity accounts for over 80% of the financial costs attributed to depression (4) as depressed patients have substantial work productivity impairments (5, 6). Presenteeism (reduced productivity while at work) and absenteeism (absence from work) have been associated with the loss of 18.2 to 46.8 and 7.8 to 8.7 workdays per worker per year, respectively (7, 8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Improvement in Work Productivity Predicts Future Clinical Course in Depressed Outpatients: Findings From the CO-MED Trial

Jha

Minhajuddin

Greer³

et al. 2016

AJP

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Objective Depression symptom severity, the most commonly studied outcome in antidepressant treatment trials, accounts for only a small portion of burden related to major depression. While lost work productivity is the biggest contributor to depression’s economic burden, few studies have systematically evaluated the independent effect of treatment on work productivity and the relationship between changes in work productivity and longer-term clinical course. Method Work productivity was measured repeatedly by the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) self-report in 331 employed participants with major depression enrolled in the Combining Medications to Enhance Depression Outcomes (CO-MED) trial. Trajectories of change in work productivity during the first 6 weeks of treatment were identified and used to predict remission at 3 and 7 months. Results Participants reported reduced absence from work and increased work productivity with antidepressant treatment even after controlling for changes in depression severity. Three distinct trajectories of changes in work productivity were identified: 1) robust early improvement (24%), 2) minimal change (49%), and 3) high-impairment slight reduction (27%). As compared to other participants, those with robust improvement had 3–5 times higher remission rates at 3 months and 2–5 times higher remission rates at 7 months, even after controlling for select baseline variables and remission status at week 6. Conclusions In this secondary analysis, self-reported work productivity improved in depressed patients with antidepressant treatment even after accounting for depressive symptom reduction. Early improvement in work productivity is associated with much higher remission rates after 3 and 7 months of treatment.

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“…Mood disorders are amongst the most impairing conditions among the working-aged population: it is estimated that approximately 35-50% of employees with depression will take short-term sick leave at some point during their job tenure (4). A Swedish study concluded 88% of the average yearly costs per patient (€17 300) were productivity losses due to sick leave and early retirement caused by depression (5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Is temporary employment a risk factor for work disability due to depressive disorders and delayed return to work? The Finnish Public Sector Study

Ervasti¹,

Vahtera²,

Virtanen³

et al. 2014

Scand J Work Environ Health

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The societal cost of depression: Evidence from 10,000 Swedish patients in psychiatric care

Cited by 93 publications

References 28 publications

Cost-Utility Analyses of Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy of Depression: A Systematic Review

Cost-Utility Analyses of Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy of Depression: A Systematic Review

Early Improvement in Work Productivity Predicts Future Clinical Course in Depressed Outpatients: Findings From the CO-MED Trial

Is temporary employment a risk factor for work disability due to depressive disorders and delayed return to work? The Finnish Public Sector Study

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