The Social Support Survey: A Validation Study of a Clinical Measure of the Social Support Process

Richman, Jack M.; Rosenfeld, Lawrence B.; Hardy, Charles J.

doi:10.1177/104973159300300304

Cited by 93 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…A χ 2 analysis supported the hypothesis that the remaining correlations between PASS-Q dimensions and SSS questions would generally be of lower magnitude. Further, like the SSS (Richman et al, 1993), the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List , and the Social Support Questionnaire (Sarason, Levine, Basham, & Sarason, 1983), all four PASS-Q dimensions were not signi cantly correlated with ratings of social desirability. With the exception of the tangible support dimension in Study 1, Cronbach's alpha internal reliability coef cients and the composite reliabilities all exceeded .70.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the SSS was developed as a clinical assessment tool in the context of social work (Richman, Rosenfeld, & Hardy, 1993) and not designed for the sporting context, the SSS has been used in sport psychology research. The SSS assesses eight types of social support: emotional support, listening support, emotional challenge, task appreciation, task challenge, reality con rmation, tangible assistance, and personal assistance.…”

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The PASS-Q: The Perceived Available Support in Sport Questionnaire

Freeman

Coffee

Rees

2011

Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology

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This article provides initial evidence for the construct validity of the Perceived Available Support in Sport Questionnaire (PASS-Q), which assesses emotional, esteem, informational, and tangible support. In Study 1, confirmatory factor analyses provided evidence for a four-dimension factor structure. Correlations supported hypothesized relationships between the PASS-Q dimensions and the Social Support Survey questions (Richman, Rosenfeld, & Hardy, 1993). In Study 2, the four-dimension factor structure was supported in an independent sample. Further, higher levels of perceived available emotional, esteem, informational, and tangible support were associated with higher levels of self-confidence and lower levels of burnout. Researchers are encouraged to use the PASS-Q to examine the effects of perceived available support in sport contexts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

The PASS-Q: The Perceived Available Support in Sport Questionnaire

Freeman

Coffee

Rees

2011

Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology

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“…Rosenfeld et al (1989) examined the diVerential provision of support from coaches, teammates, friends and parents. However, validation of the Social Support Survey (Richman et al, 1993) does not reveal whether all eight dimensions of support can be clearly separated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Interpersonal Support Evaluation List can yield a total score, but also consists of four support dimension subscales. The Social Support Survey (Richman et al, 1993) is yet more diVerentiated, consisting of eight dimensions, developed from the sixdimensional conceptualization of support proposed by Pines et al (1981). In the present study of tennis players, it seems reasonable to suggest that certain people may provide diVerent types of social support to the individual in diVerent circumstances.…”

Section: Social Supportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social support dimensions and components of performance in tennis

Rees¹,

Ingledew²,

Hardy³

1999

Journal of Sports Sciences

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The aim of this study was to explore the relationships between dimensions of social support and components of performance in tennis. A post-match performance measure was completed by 144 British tournament tennis players. Principal components analysis yielded eight components, labelled Execution of (Flexible) Plan, Loss of Composure, Feeling Flat, Positive Tension, Worry, Flow, EV ective Tactics and Double Faults. Before the match, 46 players had also completed the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List. Stepwise regression analyses revealed signiWcant eVects of the Belonging and Appraisal dimensions of the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List on Wve of the performance components. The correlations between total support and four of these performance components were also signiWcant. Logistic regression analyses revealed no signiWcant eVects of the dimensions of the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List or Total Support upon winning versus losing. EVects of social support upon performance were therefore only apparent when attention was focused on the components of performance.

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“…With regard to the concurrent and criterion-related validity of the SSS, Richman et al (1993) provided evidence of correlations between individual SSS items and a loneliness measure and alternative measures of social support, all drawn from general (social) psychology. Using small samples, there was evidence for only some significant relationships, and there was no evidence of relationships between any of the four-item content factors and the criterion measures.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%