The social side of shame: approach versus withdrawal

Hooge, Ilona E. de; Breugelmans, Seger M.; Wagemans, Fieke M. A.; Zeelenberg, Marcel

doi:10.1080/02699931.2017.1422696

Cited by 42 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…Shame was also connected to anaclitic orientation. This is consistent with theory and research suggesting shame can motivate approach behaviours (De Hooge et al 2018), reduce one's negative social perceptions (Claesson et al 2007) and lead to dependency (Kaufman 1996). Dorahy and Hanna (2012) found an absence of this relationship.…”

Section: Shame: Direct Pathways and Total Effectssupporting

confidence: 89%

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Shame, personality orientation, and risk in intimacy: direct and estimated indirect pathways

Dorahy

Johnston

et al. 2020

Curr Psychol

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The psychological literature has re-awakened its interest in shame. Research demonstrates that shame is negatively linked with intimacy through direct and indirect associations with intimacy fear and intimacy levels. This study explored the pathways between trait shame and perceived risk in intimacy. We hypothesised there would be an indirect relationship between shame and risk in intimacy via associations with introjective (self-definition) and anaclitic (dependent) personality orientation, identity impairment and abandonment concerns. University students (N = 501) from New Zealand and Northern Ireland completed an online survey, and path analysis was used to analyse data. Some support for the hypotheses was found, with shame being positively associated with risk in intimacy and half the magnitude of the effect operating indirectly through introjective orientation. Shame was positively associated with anaclitic personality, abandonment concerns and identity impairment, but these latter variables were not associated with risk in intimacy. Moreover, anaclitic orientation was associated with abandonment concerns and introjective orientation was associated with identity impairment. These findings extend the literature by demonstrating that shame may impact on feelings of intimacy risk directly and indirectly via introjective personality orientation. The results are consistent with research that shame has negative associations with intimacy, while also demonstrating that shame can be linked to approach behaviours via anaclitic personality orientation. This study provides further evidence of the complex nature and multifaceted effects of shame.

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Section: Shame: Direct Pathways and Total Effectssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…If such reparations are perceived possible, shame may subsequently lead to approach behaviours rather than avoidance (Cibich et al 2016;De Hooge et al 2010). Indeed, experimentally-induced shame has been found to lead to prosocial approach behaviours (De Hooge et al 2018).…”

Section: Shame Personality and Risk In Intimacymentioning

confidence: 99%

Shame, personality orientation, and risk in intimacy: direct and estimated indirect pathways

Dorahy

Johnston

et al. 2020

Curr Psychol

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“…Furthermore, research has suggested a specific link between social pain and shame, because social exclusion increases shame, and this link is mediated by feelings of being devalued [49]. These results correspond with cross-cultural research which has shown that shame is strongly associated with tracking the magnitude of the devaluative threat in others [50] or evidence that people who have experienced shame prefer to be together with others over being alone [51].…”

Section: Studysupporting

confidence: 79%

Pain(less) cleansing: Watching other people in pain reduces guilt and sadness but not shame

Bocian

Baryla

2020

PLoS ONE

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Past research has shown that pain experience reduces feelings of guilt for earlier wrongdoings. In this paper, we aim to investigate whether watching other people in pain can reduce feelings of guilt. In Study 1 (N = 60), we found that participants’ levels of guilt and sadness decreased after they watched a one-minute movie clip showing a painful medical procedure. Study 2 (N = 156), eliminated an alternative explanation in which pain observation but not the misattribution of unrelated excitation reduced guilt. Finally, in Study 3 (N = 60), pain observation lowered participants’ feelings of guilt but not their feelings of shame. Overall, these results suggest that the guilt-reducing effect of pain may appear even without the actual experience of physical pain.

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“…Consistent with this idea, Delelis and Christophe (2018) have shown that people tend to seek isolation after a negative emotional episode (and one's failure to resist a temptation could be considered one). In contrast, de Hooge et al (2018) showed that some negative emotional experiences-that is, experimentally induced shame-result in weaker social withdrawal tendencies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Low Self-Control: A Hidden Cause of Loneliness?

Stavrova

Ren

Pronk

2021

Pers Soc Psychol Bull

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Loneliness has been associated with multiple negative outcomes. But what contributes to loneliness in the first place? Drawing from the literature on the importance of self-regulatory ability for successful social functioning, the present research explored the role of low self-control as a factor leading to loneliness. A set of four studies (and three additional studies in Supplementary Online Materials ) using cross-sectional, experimental, daily diary, and experience sampling methods showed that lower self-control is associated with higher loneliness at both trait and state levels. Why does low self-control contribute to loneliness? Self-control failures that have negative implications for others lead to higher risks for being ostracized by others, which predicts increased feelings of loneliness over time. These results suggest that low self-control, which is often associated with negative intrapersonal outcomes, can have important interpersonal consequences by evoking ostracism, and consequently, loneliness.

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The social side of shame: approach versus withdrawal

Cited by 42 publications

References 19 publications

Shame, personality orientation, and risk in intimacy: direct and estimated indirect pathways

Shame, personality orientation, and risk in intimacy: direct and estimated indirect pathways

Pain(less) cleansing: Watching other people in pain reduces guilt and sadness but not shame

Low Self-Control: A Hidden Cause of Loneliness?

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