The social regulation of resource access and environmental impact: production, nature and contradiction in the US copper industry

Bridge, Gavin

doi:10.1016/s0016-7185(99)00046-9

Cited by 122 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Over time, ore grades will inevitably decline. As an example, the average ore grade in mined copper deposits in the U.S. today is 0.5% (Bridge, 2000). This is to be compared to the nineteenth century when the worldwide ore grades were twenty times higher, equaling 10% (Ayres, 1997).…”

Section: Mining In the Anthropocenementioning

confidence: 99%

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Underneath Norrköping: An Urban Mine of Hibernating Infrastructure

Wallsten¹

2013

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Abstract:This study examines the subsurface infrastructure in the Swedish city of Norrköping from an urban mining perspective. Urban mining is a broadly defined term for different strategies that regard the built environment as a resource base for materials. In this study, the focus is on three base metals that exist in large quantities in infrastructure parts: iron, copper and aluminium. A special focus is given to the parts of Norrköping's infrastructure that are not in-use and thus constitute a "hibernating stock" that contains recyclable metals.The main results of this study are twofold. First, a quantitative assessment of the hibernating stocks of urban infrastructure gives answers to how large the stocks are and where in Norrköping they are located. This was performed using a spatially informed Material Flow Analysis to arrive at a recycling potential in terms of weight and spatial concentration. Second, a qualitative assessment was made regarding how these hibernating stocks of urban infrastructure come into existence. An infrastructure studies perspective was used to outline three patterns with their own sets of "hibernation" logics. These logics give rise to different prerequisites for the implementation of urban mining in practice.A main argument of this study's cover essay is that both of the above outlined kinds of knowledge are needed to engage in urban mining with confidence. Thus, the main focus of the cover essay text is to describe how the two different perspectives of Material Flow Analysis and infrastructure studies were combined into a coherent research approach.

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Section: Mining In the Anthropocenementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The arguments for recycling copper are thus more clearly associated with the resource scarcity perspective, also since the ore grades are steadily declining (Bridge, 2000) and given the estimate that half of the world's mountainous copper has been estimated as having already been exploited (Kapur and Graedel, 2006).…”

Section: Why Infrastructure As a Bundle?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Underneath Norrköping: An Urban Mine of Hibernating Infrastructure

Wallsten¹

2013

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“…At the extreme, extraction of copper generates a vastly disproportional amount of tailings. According to studies by Gordon and Bridge,128 to 196 tonnes of combined copper tailings would be generated to produce one tonne of copper (Gordon, 2002;Bridge, 2000). Using Gordon's data, Onuaguluchi and Eren estimated a worldwide production of 2 billion tonnes of copper tailings in 2011 (Onuaguluchi & Eren, 2012).…”

Section: Fluid Fine Mineral Tailingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current state of fine mineral tailings treatment: A critical review on theory and practice

Wang

Harbottle

Liu

et al. 2014

Minerals Engineering

331

169

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Highlights Presented facts on escalating generation of fine mineral tailings worldwide.  Overview of coal, alumina, oil sands, and base metals tailings characteristics.  Reviewed theoretical and industrial developments for tailings management.  Determined numerous knowledge gaps between current theories and practices.  Identified opportunities for improvement towards more sustainable practices. Graphical AbstractEvolution of fine mineral tailings treatment objectives.Figures "Flocculated solids" and "Stackable solids" are adopted from Alamgir, et al. (2012), permission pending. The last figure "Reclaimed land" is adopted from Golder Associates (2009), permission pending. AbstractThe mining industry produces fluid fine mineral tailings on the order of millions of tonnes each year, with billions of tonnes already stored globally. This trend is expected to escalate as demand for mineral products continues to grow with increasingly lower grade ores being more commonly exploited by hydrometallurgy. Ubiquitous presence and enrichment of fine solids such as silt and clays in fluid fine mineral tailings prevent efficient solid-liquid separation and timely re-use of valuable process water. Long-term storage of such fluid waste materials not only incurs a huge operating cost, but also creates substantial environmental liabilities of tailings ponds for mining operators. This review broadly examines current theoretical understandings and prevalent industrial practices on treating fine mineral tailings for greater water recovery and reduced environmental footprint of mining operations.

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“…This often causes conflict as residents and aggregate producers have competing interests (e.g. Bridge, 2000). For example, suitable sites for aggregate production may often be used by locals for recreational purposes as they are often areas of wilderness suitable for outings, camping et cetera.…”

Section: Ethical Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

2.5D open source modeling of rock aggregate resources in the Helsinki metropolitan area

Mäkelä¹

2018

Bull Geol Soc Finland

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The objective of this study is to develop a method of appraising rock aggregate resources, using open data and open source tools. The availability of aggregates in Finland is mostly determined by competing land use and restrictions on extraction. Therefore, it is important to determine the extent of available resources, especially near areas of high demand.The study area consists of the 14 municipalities in the Helsinki metropolitan area, a total of 3841 km 2 . The data used are open access, provided by the Geological Survey of Finland and the National Land Survey. These are combined in a GIS to identify locations where extraction of aggregates is possible. Geology, limitations and the highest and lowest point of possible extraction are determined. These are used to estimate the available resources and locate the economically feasible sites. Data used include a digital elevation model and layers on geology and land use.The results show that competing land use has sterilized most aggregate locations in the area. Remaining locations are concentrated on the edges. However, some potential sites remain. Field evaluations and comparison to previous studies show that the method has potential in evaluating remaining resources and directing further study for prospective production areas.The model is fast in coarsely determining aggregate volume. It is highly suitable for focusing expert fieldwork. Land use in the area continues to sterilize new locations. To avoid economic and ecological damage, a plan should be implemented for securing this resource. This may include the reserving of locations, reducing use, checking legislation on production and recycling used aggregates.

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The social regulation of resource access and environmental impact: production, nature and contradiction in the US copper industry

Cited by 122 publications

References 35 publications

Underneath Norrköping: An Urban Mine of Hibernating Infrastructure

Underneath Norrköping: An Urban Mine of Hibernating Infrastructure

Current state of fine mineral tailings treatment: A critical review on theory and practice

2.5D open source modeling of rock aggregate resources in the Helsinki metropolitan area

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