The social life of cognition

Korman, Joanna; Voiklis, John; Malle, Bertram F.

doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2014.11.005

Cited by 23 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…Social tolerance could as well be functionally related to variation in other cognitive abilities or styles to negotiate the social landscape, which in turn affect cooperation (Fiske & Haslam, 1996; Moreira et al, 2013; Seyfarth & Cheney, 2015; Sih & Del Giudice, 2012). Differences in social awareness or sensitivity, comprising the ability to monitor the cooperative tendencies of others, may favour the evolution of consistent individual differences in cooperation (Korman, Voiklis, & Malle, 2015; McNamara, Stephens, Dall, & Houston, 2009; Seyfarth & Cheney, 2015; cognitive syndromes: Sih & Del Giudice, 2012). It was recently demonstrated that chimpanzees high in Extraversion (corresponding to Assamese’ Connectedness) and assumingly more sensitive to inter-individual interactions, have been more sensitive to inequity in outcomes between themselves and a social partner in an experimental condition (Brosnan et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality homophily affects male social bonding in wild Assamese macaques (Macaca assamensis)

Ebenau

Borell

Penke

et al. 2019

Preprint

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23Animal social bonds are defined as stable, equitable and strong affiliative and cooperative 24 relationships similar to human friendships. Just as human friendships, social bonds are 25 thought to function as alliances that generate adaptive benefits via support in critical 26 situations. In humans, similarity in many sociodemographic, behavioural and intrapersonal 27 characteristics leads to trust and is predictive of friendships. Specifically, personality 28 homophily, that is the tendency of individuals to form social bonds with others who have a 29 similar personality, may increase predictability and facilitate trust and reciprocity among 30 partners with compatible behavioural tendencies. While evidence for social bonding in 31 nonhumans is accumulating, far less is known about its predictors. Here, personality 32 homophily effects on the formation and maintenance of social bonds are shown in twenty-four 33 wild male Assamese macaques (Macaca assamensis), at Phu Khieo Wildlife Sanctuary, 34 Thailand. Dyadic bond strength increased with increased similarity in the trait Connectedness 35 (i.e. frequent and diverse neighbours in 5m proximity and pronounced social tolerance, as 36 high rates of friendly approaches to and by others). To differentiate whether homophily 37 indeed predicted bond formation or whether bonded males' personalities became more similar 38 over time, we tested the stability of the connectedness traits in a subset of immigrating males 39 that had to form new bonds. Connectedness in these males remained stable suggesting that 40 males do not adapt their personality to their partner. Our results support the idea of a shared 41 evolutionary origin of homophily as a partner choice strategy in human and non-human 42 animals. The main selective advantage of personality similarity in animal social bonds may 43 result from a more reliable cooperation among individuals with similar cooperative 44 behavioural tendencies.45

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Personality homophily affects male social bonding in wild Assamese macaques (Macaca assamensis)

Ebenau

Borell

Penke

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…This capacity does not seem of the same nature as the information-processing of the single-channel expressive cues usually described in the music cognition literature, but rather seems related to that of co-representation (the capacity of people to simultaneously keep track of the actions and perspectives of two interacting agents Gallotti & Frith, 2013). In the visual domain, co-representational processes occur implicitely at the earliest stages of sensory processing (Neri et al, 2006, Samson et al, 2010) and are believed to be an essential part in many social-specific processes, such as imitation, simulation (Korman, Voiklis, & Malle, 2015), sharing of action repertoire and team-reasoning (Gallotti & Frith, 2013). In the music domain however, evidence for co-representations of two real or virtual agents has so far been mostly indirect, with music mediating the co-representation of visual stimuli: in Moran et al (2015), observers were able to discriminate whether wire-frame videos of two musicians corresponded to a real, or simulated, interaction by using the music as a cue to detect social contingency; similarly, in Edelman and Harring (2015), the presence of background music lead participants to judge agents in a video-taped group to be more affiliative.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Musical friends and foes: The social cognition of affiliation and control in improvised interactions

Aucouturier

Canonne

2017

Cognition

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A recently emerging view in music cognition holds that music is not only social and participatory in its production, but also in its perception, i.e. that music is in fact perceived as the sonic trace of social relations between a group of real or virtual agents. While this view appears compatible with a number of intriguing music cognitive phenomena, such as the links between beat entrainment and prosocial behaviour or between strong musical emotions and empathy, direct evidence is lacking that listeners are at all able to use the acoustic features of a musical interaction to infer the affiliatory or controlling nature of an underlying social intention. We created a novel experimental situation in which we asked expert music improvisers to communicate 5 types of non-musical social intentions, such as being domineering, disdainful or conciliatory, to one another solely using musical interaction. Using a combination of decoding studies, computational and psychoacoustical analyses, we show that both musically-trained and non musically-trained listeners can recognize relational intentions encoded in music, and that this social cognitive ability relies, to a sizeable extent, on the information processing of acoustic cues of temporal and harmonic coordination that are not present in any one of the musicians’ channels, but emerge from the dynamics of their interaction. By manipulating these cues in two-channel audio recordings and testing their impact on the social judgements of non-musician observers, we finally establish a causal relationship between the affiliation dimension of social behaviour and musical harmonic coordination on the one hand, and between the control dimension and musical temporal coordination on the other hand. These results provide novel mechanistic insights not only into the social cognition of musical interactions, but also into that of non-verbal interactions as a whole.

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“…The debate between whether people are compensatory or noncompensatory decision makers continues (Gigerenzer & Brighton, ; Hilbig & Richter, ; Pohl, ). We hope that other researchers will begin to engage with computational social cognition to address social perception and social reality (Korman, Voiklis, & Malle, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inferring Others' Hidden Thoughts: Smart Guesses in a Low Diagnostic World

Street

Bischof

Vadillo

et al. 2015

Behavioral Decision Making

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People are biased towards believing that what others say is what they truly think. This effect, known as the truth bias, has often been characterized as a judgmental error that impedes accuracy. We consider an alternative view: that it reflects the use of contextual information to make the best guess when the currently available information has low diagnosticity. Participants learnt the diagnostic value of four cues, which were present during truthful statements between 20% and 80% of the time. Afterwards, participants were given contextual information: Either that most people would lie, or most would tell the truth. We found that people were biased in the direction of the context information when the individuating behavioral cues were non-diagnostic. As the individuating cues became more diagnostic, context had less to no effect. We conclude that more general context information is used to make an informed judgment when other individuating cues are absent. That is, the truth bias reflects a smart guess in a low diagnostic world.Keywords: Adaptive decision-making; Adaptive Lie Detector; Context; Lie detection; Truth bias; Truth-default theory. 4People make for poor lie detectors. They hit an accuracy rate comparable to a coin toss, only marginally above chance (Bond & DePaulo, 2006). That might in part be because they come with a set of systematic biases that can reduce accuracy (see Burgoon & Buller, 1994; Gilbert, 1991;O'Sullivan, 2003;Vrij, 2008), such as being biased towards believing others are telling the truth more often than they actually are (Bond & DePaulo, 2006; McCornack & Parks, 1986). This article argues that the pessimistic view of lie detection is outdated and misguided: Instead we argue that people make smart judgments from the unreliable information available to them.Specifically, it is argued that the systematic biases are not sources of error, but are actually markers of a smart system making informed judgments.Although people are thought to be poor lie detectors, this stands in stark contrast to research showing that people are skilled at understanding what others are thinking.They have successful strategies to understand internal thoughts, drawing from even the subtlest of clues (e.g., from allusions in speech to eye direction: Clark, 1996; Clark, Schreuder & Buttrick, 1983;Tomasello, 1995; but see Heyes, 2014, for strategies that give only the illusion of representing others' minds), and these work only because the two parties choose to communicate with each other, producing behaviors that indicate their true thoughts. When one party wants to conceal what he or she truly thinks, these cues are not produced, or are at least drastically reduced.Accuracy is capped by the fact that speakers have good control over their behavior and do not give clear signs to their concealments and deceptions (DePaulo et al., 2003; Sporer & Schwandt, 2006, 2007. So we must ask how it is that people make any sort of social judgment when the immediately available cues have low diagnostic value. Put...

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The social life of cognition

Cited by 23 publications

References 56 publications

Personality homophily affects male social bonding in wild Assamese macaques (Macaca assamensis)

Personality homophily affects male social bonding in wild Assamese macaques (Macaca assamensis)

Musical friends and foes: The social cognition of affiliation and control in improvised interactions

Inferring Others' Hidden Thoughts: Smart Guesses in a Low Diagnostic World

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