The Social Impact of Suffering: Physical Pain Thwarts Social Needs

Riva, P; Wirth, James H.; Williams, Kevin M.

doi:10.1037/e566842012-499

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A male pain expression may be more strongly linked with potentially threatening situations than a female pain expression (LeDoux, 2000), activating the fight-flight system in the brain of the observer. Indeed, previous scholars suggested that pain can foment a disposition towards aggression (Berkowitz, 1993), and recent empirical data confirmed that pain increases aggressive temptations in humans (Riva et al, 2010). Because men are physically larger and stronger and therefore more dangerous on average than women, detecting a male in pain might pose a threat particularly salient.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Gender effects in pain detection: Speed and accuracy in decoding female and male pain expressions

Riva

Sacchi

Montali

et al. 2011

European Journal of Pain

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The ability to detect facial expressions of pain is crucial in eliciting prosocial behaviors towards the individual experiencing pain. Previous studies have shown that the sufferers' gender can affect the observers' explicit judgment of the pain face, thus suggesting its possible influence on pain decoding. The present study investigates whether the sufferer's gender affects the observer's reflexive or implicit detection of facial expression of pain. More specifically, we used implicit measures to test whether observers detect pained expression more quickly or accurately on male or female faces. In three experimental studies, we devised a set of stimuli using computer-generated faces. In Experiment 1, prototypical female and male avatars with different facial expressions (pain, anger, disgust, and neutral) were displayed, while subjects' (N=34) accuracy and speed at identifying the expressions were recorded. In Experiment 2, participants (N=56) watched videos of the avatars displaying dynamic expressions and had to quickly and accurately identify each expression. In Experiment 3, participants (N=38) were shown an androgynous avatar face showing different expressions and were asked to identify the face as either female or male. Overall, we found that the target's gender affected the observer's reflexive decoding of the facial expression of pain. Specifically, the results showed that participants, regardless of their gender, were slower and less accurate in recognizing pain expressions (but not other expressions) on female faces. Furthermore, androgynous faces displaying pained expressions were more likely to be categorized as male than female. Several potential explanations are discussed.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%