The social impact of aging populations: Some major issues

Restrepo, Helena E.; Rozental, Manuel

doi:10.1016/0277-9536(94)90364-6

Cited by 54 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…18 The number of older patients requiring home care by their families is increasing as a result of an overall aging population. 19,20 One recent report suggested that a greater burden on informal caregivers is associated with an increase in risk of death 21 , necessitating a society-wide approach to determining the burden placed upon informal caregivers. Figure 1.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Violent Patient Behavior Is Associated with Bodily Pain and a High Burden on Informal Caregivers

et al. 2009

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BACKGROUND: There have been no studies of the relationship between violent behavior by older patients and the physical and mental health of caregivers. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the influence of violent behavior in vulnerable elderly patients on bodily pain and caregiver burden in their informal caregivers. DESIGN:Cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS:One hundred thirty-seven patients aged ≥40 years old with limited activity and mobility in ten facilities providing home-care services in Japan.MEASUREMENTS: Degree of caregiver-perceived violent patient behavior and caregivers' bodily pain derived from a self-administered questionnaire, and caregiver burden assessed using scores from both the Burden Index of Caregivers and the Zarit Burden Interview. RESULTS:The mean age of the 137 patients enrolled in this study was 80.9 years. Of these patients, 31.4% were men, and 34.3% had violent behavior. The mean caregiver age was 65.0 years, and 29.2% were men. Caregivers who looked after violent patients experienced significantly higher odds of having bodily pain [AOR=3.51; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.81 to 6.85]. Caregivers of violent patients also reported significant caregiver burden as assessed by the Burden Index of Caregivers (β-coefficient = 4.92; 95% CI: 1.95 to 7.88) and the Zarit Burden Interview (β-coefficient = 5.81; 95% CI: 2.92 to 8.70).CONCLUSIONS: Violent behavior among older patients is associated with significant increases in both physical and psychological burden in their informal caregivers.KEY WORDS: violent behavior; bodily pain; caregiver burden; informal caregivers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Violent Patient Behavior Is Associated with Bodily Pain and a High Burden on Informal Caregivers

et al. 2009

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“…Although cognitive decline is linked with aging, the rate of this decline in aging is highly variable (Fillit et al 2002;Park, O'Connell, & Thomson, 2003) and can depend on a variety of individual differences, including exaggerated inflammatory responses (Tegeler et al, 2016;Tuenissen et al, 2003;Yaffe et al, 2003) and elevated body mass (Memel, Bourassa, Woolverton, & Sbarra, 2016), as well as a host of psychosocial and health behavior variables (e.g., social engagement, physical health, physical activity, and depression (Bourassa, Memel, Woolverton, & Sbarra, 2015). With the rate of adults 65 years and older rising relative to the overall population in almost all developed countries (Restrepo & Rozental, 1994), understanding what risk factors are associated with cognitive decline is essential for developing interventions to promote successful aging. To explore one potential pathway that might explain risk for cognitive decline among aging adults, we examined the associations among body mass, inflammation, and change in cognition over 6 years in a nationally representative sample of older adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body mass and cognitive decline are indirectly associated via inflammation among aging adults

Bourassa

Sbarra

2017

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

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Inflammatory models of neurodegeneration suggest that higher circulating levels of inflammation can lead to cognitive decline. Despite established independent associations between greater body mass, increased inflammation, and cognitive decline, no prior research has explored whether markers of systemic inflammation might mediate the association between body mass and changes in cognitive functioning. To test such a model, we used two longitudinal subsamples (ns = 9066; 12,561) of aging adults from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) study, which included two cognitive measures components of memory and executive functioning, as well as measurements of body mass and systemic inflammation, assessed via Creactive protein (CRP). Greater body mass was indirectly associated with declines in memory and executive functioning over 6 years via relatively higher levels of CRP. Our results suggest that systemic inflammation is one biologically plausible mechanism through which differences in body mass might influence changes in cognitive functioning among aging adults.

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“…The proportion of older people in the world is growing and the majority of them live in developing countries (Kinsella, 1996;Restrepo & Rozental, 1994). Given the widespread poverty found in developing countries, many older people can be expected to have nutritional and health problems that will adversely affect their quality of life and ability to carry out daily tasks independently (Manandhar, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association between nutritional status and handgrip strength in older Rwandan refugees

Manandhar²,

2002

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Objectives: To investigate the association between nutritional status and handgrip strength in older Rwandan refugees. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Rwandan refugee camp located in Karagwe district in the north-west of Tanzania. The study was carried out in the postemergency phase. The response rate was 85%. Subjects: A total of 413 men and 415 women aged 50 -92 y participated in the study. Methods: Weight, height, mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC) and triceps skinfold were obtained using standard techniques. For people with visible kyphosis, height was estimated from armspan using regression equations developed from nonkyphotic subjects within the sample. Handgrip was measured using a mechanical handgrip dynamometer. Information regarding physical activity and health status was obtained by interview and clinical screening. Results: Handgrip strength (kg) was significantly higher in men than in women (30.3 AE 6.7 vs 22.3 AE 5.1), and significantly lower in each older age group in both sexes. Handgrip strength was positively correlated to BMI (body mass index) and AMA (arm muscle area). The relative risk of impaired handgrip strength in individuals with poor nutritional status (BMI < 18.5 kg=m 2 ) compared with those of adequate nutritional status was 1.75. After controlling for potential confounders (sex, age and height), BMI remained a significant contributor to the variation in handgrip strength. Conclusion: Poor nutritional status is associated with poor handgrip strength independent of sex, age and height, in this refugee population. This may indicate that underweight older people are likely to have more difficulties in functioning independently in the community. Research is needed to investigate if improving nutritional status can lead to better functional ability.

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The social impact of aging populations: Some major issues

Cited by 54 publications

References 35 publications

Violent Patient Behavior Is Associated with Bodily Pain and a High Burden on Informal Caregivers

Violent Patient Behavior Is Associated with Bodily Pain and a High Burden on Informal Caregivers

Body mass and cognitive decline are indirectly associated via inflammation among aging adults

The association between nutritional status and handgrip strength in older Rwandan refugees

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