The Social Economy: An Alternative Model of Economic Development

Abstract

Basically, inclusive economy development is the economy development contributing to majority of people in Indonesia aiming to poverty reduction. In the situation where the challenges become more complicated, the tourism development could be directed to the inclusive economy development based on tourism. It supports tourism growth centers. This enables to get inequality income and poverty reduction through pro poor tourism. This research uses an action research through observation toward various aspects relating to the development of inclusive economy. The results of this research identify that integrated tour and travel businesses become prospective business; furthermore, handy craft, food and beverages industries. If it is related to SWOT Analysis and study of tourism market; also the perception of local people, the most crucial consideration in developing the tourism based inclusive economy in Wakatobi is a forming of synergy among the large businessmen and people business as well as all people supports. Therefore, all tourists visiting Wakatobi get pleasure and satisfied and the businessmen get more and better benefits and profit. Another result shows that action to synergize businessmen is required to vague conflicts causing and occurring unhealthy competition. The creating of among-businessmen synergy is derived to be business model of tourism based associate-businessmen in Wakatobi Regency. The early step of the development of tourism based inclusive economy is conducted well, however there are some constrains to be considered to maintain and develop the formulated model and for that, risk assessment could be used.

The Contemporary Relevance of Karl Polanyi to Critical Social Enterprise Scholarship

“…Gibson-Graham (2006: 106) warn us that reductive forms of thinking can foreclose the possibility of alternatives. But we know that alternative, non-capitalist economic spaces, including in the form of social enterprise, do exist (Amin et al, 2003;Baum, 2009). Polanyi provides us with a conceptual toolkit by which such organizations may start to be understood on their own terms; perhaps the very definition of a critical, emancipatory SE project.…”

Towards a ‘Wellbeing Economy’: What Can We Learn from Social Enterprise?

“…This first practical challenge is connected to the idea of whether the 'wellbeing economy'just like regular ongoing conversations about the social economyrepresents an alternative (Amin et al, 2003;Baum, 2009) means of organising the economy, or whether it is seen as complementary to (or even a somewhat marginal or quirky component of) the mainstream capitalist system. Social economy activity, particularly historically, has often been presented as operating at the margins of the mainstream economy (Utting, 2015), albeit somewhat 'antagonistically' (Chatterton et al, 2019) at times; so not necessarily representing a viable alternative system, but rather to serve as an inspirational example that alternatives are possible within the present system.…”