The Social Context of Temporal Sequences: Why First Impressions Shape Shared Experiences

Bhargave, Rajesh; Montgomery, Nicole Votolato

doi:10.1086/671053

Cited by 49 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Despite the fact that employees may have become visible later on for the mystery shoppers, however, a first impression that an employee was visible was obviously enough to contribute to higher satisfaction scores. This aspect is consonant with the notion that first impressions are particularly likely to have an impact on overall assessments of an object, even if additional information is obtained later on in the individual's interaction with the object (Bhargave & Montgomery, ). Given that the absence of an employee is relatively more negatively charged than the presence of an employee, it is also consonant with the notion that negative first impressions are more difficult to change than positive first impressions (cf.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Employee Mere Presence and Its Impact on Customer Satisfaction

Söderlund

2016

Psychology and Marketing

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Existing research suggests that humans are hardwired to be sensitive to the presence of other humans, and that the mere presence of someone is likely to affect human behavior. So far, however, this issue has been under-researched in physical environments in which retail and service transactions take place and with respect to the mere presence of employees. This study examined empirically if the mere presence of an employee in a physical environment has an impact on customer affect (in terms of pleasure) and customer satisfaction. Two between-subjects experiments, in two different settings, showed that the absence of an employee produced lower levels of pleasure and lower levels of customer satisfaction than the mere presence of an employee. The results also indicate that pleasure mediated the association between employee presence and customer satisfaction. In addition, a field study with mystery shoppers confirmed that the employee absent condition produced lower levels of satisfaction than conditions in which employees were visible.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 53%

Employee Mere Presence and Its Impact on Customer Satisfaction

Söderlund

2016

Psychology and Marketing

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“…For example, consumers make different choices when they are shopping with another person versus alone (Kurt, Inman, and Argo 2011), when their choices are public versus private (Ariely and Levav 2000;Ratner and Kahn 2002), when they observe others' consumption choices before choosing (McFerran et al 2010), and when they intend to consume products publicly (Berger and Ward 2010;Graeff 1998). They also evaluate products differently when they compare others' decisions to their own (Dahl, Argo, and Morales 2012) and when they share the consumption experience with others (Bhargave and Montgomery 2013). We suggest that consumers' choices may be affected not only by the people who are actually accompanying them but also by the people who are only figuratively accompanying them, in their minds.…”

Section: Decision Making In a Social Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overindividuation in Gift Giving: Shopping for Multiple Recipients Leads Givers to Choose Unique but Less Preferred Gifts

Steffel

Boeuf

2014

J Consum Res

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This research examines how the social context in which gifts are selected influences gift choices. Six experiments show that, when givers select gifts for multiple recipients, they tend to pass up gifts that would be better liked by one or more recipients in favor of giving different gifts to each recipient, even when recipients will not compare gifts. This overindividuation does not seem to arise because givers perceive recipients' preferences differently when they consider them together versus separately: although givers' gift selections differ between a one-recipient and multiple-recipient context, their perceptions of which gifts would be better liked do not. Rather, overindividuation seems to arise because givers try to be thoughtful by treating each recipient as unique. Consistent with this, givers are more likely to overindividuate when they are encouraged to be thoughtful. Focusing givers on recipients' preferences reduces overindividuation and can help givers select betterliked gifts.

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“…In particular, greater interpersonal interaction increases feelings of interdependence (Ashton‐James et al, ) during the interval and, also later, when the target sequence is evaluated retrospectively. Additionally, recent research has found that experiences that take place in a socially connected context facilitate a more holistic processing style, similar to that induced by a simple self‐construal prime (Bhargave & Montgomery, ). Because semantic self‐construal primes (e.g., exposure to “I”/“my” versus “we”/“our”) have been shown to be very powerful in altering individuals' prevailing self‐construal and, in some instances, have elicited effects consistent with those produced by actual social context (e.g., presence of others), the majority of research in this domain has manipulated processing style in this manner.…”

Section: The “End Effect” In Temporal Sequences Researchmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…In this paper, we conceptualize social connection as the extent to which people feel associated with others when experiencing or retrieving a temporal sequence. Research on self‐construal has found that people feel more socially connected by actually interacting with other people (Ashton‐James, van Baaren, Chartrand, Decety, & Karremans, ; Bhargave & Montgomery, ) or simply by thinking about experiences that involve others, even when no one else is present (Gardner, Gabriel, & Lee, ; Kühnen & Oyserman, ). For example, some employees may feel highly socially connected because of the nature of their jobs (e.g., regularly on conference calls or in meetings).…”

Section: The “End Effect” In Temporal Sequences Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

My Recency, Our Primacy: How Social Connection Influences Evaluations of Sequences

Bhargave

Montgomery

2015

Behavioral Decision Making

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Individuals have many life experiences (e.g., work and vacations) that consist of a series of interconnected episodes (i.e., temporal sequences). Assessments of such experiences are integral to daily life in that they facilitate future planning and behaviors for individuals. Therefore, these experiences often culminate in evaluations of their global affect. Past work has shown that retrospective, affective evaluations of these sequences generally exhibit an "end effect," whereby a sequence's end intensity-but not its start intensity-is disproportionately weighted. Yet, researchers have largely investigated experiences that occur alone. In contrast, many real-world experiences vary in their extent of social connection to others (e.g., working in an office with others versus alone in a cubicle). The present work fills this gap by showing the moderating role of social connection on how episodes are weighted in global affective ratings. Five studies involving two autobiographical experiences spanning several days each (workweek and spring break) and two brief simulated experiences show that high social connection leads to greater (lesser) weighting of the first (last) episode. To our knowledge, we are the first to demonstrate that these effects persist across different forms of social connection (i.e., interpersonal interaction versus semantic priming tasks) and are supported regardless of whether social connection occurs at encoding or retrieval of an experience.

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The Social Context of Temporal Sequences: Why First Impressions Shape Shared Experiences

Cited by 49 publications

References 49 publications

Employee Mere Presence and Its Impact on Customer Satisfaction

Employee Mere Presence and Its Impact on Customer Satisfaction

Overindividuation in Gift Giving: Shopping for Multiple Recipients Leads Givers to Choose Unique but Less Preferred Gifts

My Recency, Our Primacy: How Social Connection Influences Evaluations of Sequences

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