The social behavior of a group of baboons (Papio anubis) under artificial crowding

Elton, Robert H.; Anderson, Brian V.

doi:10.1007/bf02382961

Cited by 30 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In the current study, chimpanzees showed a significant increase in aggressive behavior in the holding area; though, across species, rates of aggressive encounters in both settings were very low and only rarely resulted in the need for veterinary intervention (during the 15-month data collection periods, there were no wounding events that required immobilization). The increase in agonism shown by chimpanzees is consistent with the density-aggression model [Calhoun, 1962], in which increased social density resulted in increased aggression, as demonstrated in rodents [Gregor et al, 1972;Van Loo et al, 2001] and some old world monkeys [Alexander & Roth, 1971;Boyce et al, 1998;Elton & Anderson, 1977].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Ape behavior in two alternating environments: comparing exhibit and short‐term holding areas

Ross

Wagner

Schapiro

et al. 2010

American J Primatol

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In many facilities, primates are voluntarily transferred between different enclosures on a daily basis to facilitate animal husbandry and exhibit maintenance. This procedure is particularly relevant in the management of great apes living in zoos, where the requirements of functional management must be balanced with the desire to maintain enriching and naturalistic exhibit enclosures that benefit ape residents and attract the visiting public. In these settings, examinations of ape behavior and welfare typically focus exclusively on activity in the primary exhibit area. However, physical, social and sensory experiences unique to each area may shape different patterns of behavior. In the current study, zoo-living chimpanzees and gorillas were moved each day from exhibit areas to off-exhibit holding areas for a short duration as a part of regular management procedures. Behavioral data indicated species-specific reactions to the holding area, including increased aggression and self-directed behavior by chimpanzees and increased activity and prosocial behavior among gorilla subjects. Both species showed more feeding-foraging behavior while in the exhibit enclosure. Results suggest that holding areas may not meet all behavior needs of captive great apes and demonstrate the importance of including all components of the captive enclosure in comprehensive analyses of great ape behavior and welfare.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Ape behavior in two alternating environments: comparing exhibit and short‐term holding areas

Ross

Wagner

Schapiro

et al. 2010

American J Primatol

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“…Calhoun (1962) reported a connection between high population density and increased aggression in rodents. Initially, nonhuman primate studies supported the connection (Alexander and Roth, 1971;Elton and Anderson, 1977), but over the past few decades, contradictory findings have emerged (Bercovitch and Lebron, 1991;Eaton et al, 1981). In primate literature, the coping model has now replaced the density/aggression model.…”

Section: Traditionally Scientists Believed That Crowded Housing Condmentioning

confidence: 94%

Coping with Acute Crowding by Cebus apella

et al. 2006

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Traditionally, scientists believed that crowded housing conditions increased aggression in animals. Recent research on captive primates fails to support a linear relationship between population density and aggressive behavior. Our study is the first to investigate the effects of acute crowding on a New World primate. We observed brown capuchins (Cebus apella) under 2 different spatial conditions: a control that offered the full indoor space in the enclosure and a short-term experimental condition that restricted the capuchins to approximately half the amount of space of the control condition. We compared rates of self-grooming, aggression, contact sitting, social grooming, and play between both conditions. We conducted a mixed factorial ANOVA at the individual level while taking subject sex and age class into account. Intense aggression, play, and social grooming decreased significantly in crowded conditions, suggesting that capuchins avoid social encounters if spatially confined. Their strategy for coping with acute crowding via a decrease in all forms of social behavior is intermediate between chimpanzee and macaque strategies in similar experiments. The only behavior to increase under crowding was a nonsocial, self-directed behavior with the potential of reducing arousal: self-grooming.

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“…of a return to baseline levels [Elton and Anderson, 1977;Rasa, 1979;Nieuwenhuijsen and de Waal, 19821.…”

Section: Mcguire Et Almentioning

confidence: 98%

The myth of a simple relation between space and aggression in captive primates

Waal¹

1989

Zoo Biol.

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This paper reviews literature on the relation between captive environments and social behavior, particularly aggressive behavior, in monkeys and apes. The conclusion is that theories of "crowding" and "stress" are too simplistic to account for the observed relation. Instead, it is suggested that environmental effects be investigated from the standpoint of behavioral adjustment. Primates show behavior patterns that seem to aim at the avoidance of conflict and the reduction of social tensions. Such coping mechanisms are expected to be especially effective in groups that have lived in a particular environment for a long time. As an indication that this may be so, data on stable groups of rhesus monkeys under three very different conditions show a remarkable similarity in aggression rate.

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The social behavior of a group of baboons (Papio anubis) under artificial crowding

Cited by 30 publications

References 6 publications

Ape behavior in two alternating environments: comparing exhibit and short‐term holding areas

Ape behavior in two alternating environments: comparing exhibit and short‐term holding areas

Coping with Acute Crowding by Cebus apella

The myth of a simple relation between space and aggression in captive primates

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