The social and political functioning of states and the homicide of media workers

Krueger, Patrick M.

doi:10.1136/jech.2008.075283

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, media worker freedom and safety is of particular concern in settings of political and social instability (Krueger, 2008). Media workers may be targeted because of their work by direct acts of violence and threats of violence during times of social and political breakdown and war, or be harmed as bystanders from more general violence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More specifically, the violent deaths of media workers is a major issue worldwide, with persistent high levels of impunity—meaning the perpetrators are rarely prosecuted ( Riddick et al, 2008 ). Furthermore, media worker freedom and safety is of particular concern in settings of political and social instability ( Krueger, 2008 ). Media workers may be targeted because of their work by direct acts of violence and threats of violence during times of social and political breakdown and war, or be harmed as bystanders from more general violence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Violent deaths of media workers associated with conflict in Iraq, 2003–2012

Collinson

Wilson

Thomson

2014

PeerJ

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Background. The violent deaths of media workers is a critical issue worldwide, especially in areas of political and social instability. Such deaths can be a particular concern as they may undermine the development and functioning of an open and democratic society.Method. Data on the violent deaths of media workers in Iraq for ten years (2003–2012) were systematically collated from five international databases. Analyses included time trends, weapons involved, nationality of the deceased, outcome for perpetrators and location of death.Results. During this ten-year period, there were 199 violent deaths of media workers in Iraq. The annual number increased substantially after the invasion in 2003 (peaking at n = 47 in 2007) and then declined (n = 5 in 2012). The peak years (2006–2007) for these deaths matched the peak years for estimated violent deaths among civilians. Most of the media worker deaths (85%) were Iraqi nationals. Some were killed whilst on assignment in the field (39%) and 28% involved a preceding threat. Common perpetrators of the violence were: political groups (45%), and coalition forces (9%), but the source of the violence was often unknown (29%). None of the perpetrators have subsequently been prosecuted (as of April 2014). For each violent death of a media worker, an average of 3.1 other people were also killed in the same attack (range 0–100 other deaths).Discussion. This analysis highlights the high number of homicides of media workers in Iraq in this conflict period, in addition to the apparently total level of impunity. One of the potential solutions may be establishing a functioning legal system that apprehends offenders and puts them on trial. The relatively high quality of data on violent deaths in this occupational group, suggests that it could act as one sentinel population within a broader surveillance system of societal violence in conflict zones.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Violent deaths of media workers associated with conflict in Iraq, 2003–2012

Collinson

Wilson

Thomson

2014

PeerJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Forced Silence: Determinants of Journalist Killings in Mexico's States, 2010–2015

Brambila

2017

Journal of Information Policy

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Why are some subnational states more dangerous for journalists? This exploratory article assesses the association of social variables with the murders of journalists within one single country, Mexico, where forty-one journalists were killed from 2010 to 2015. The article suggests that the violent deaths of journalists in Mexico's thirty-two states are more likely to happen in those subnational polities with high levels of social violence, internal conflict, severe violations of human rights, low democratic development, and economic inequality. The implications of this research and policy recommendations are discussed within the conclusion.

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Forced Silence: Determinants of Journalist Killings in Mexico's States, 2010–2015

Brambila

2017

Journal of Information Policy

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The social and political functioning of states and the homicide of media workers

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Violent deaths of media workers associated with conflict in Iraq, 2003–2012

Violent deaths of media workers associated with conflict in Iraq, 2003–2012

Forced Silence: Determinants of Journalist Killings in Mexico's States, 2010–2015

Forced Silence: Determinants of Journalist Killings in Mexico's States, 2010–2015

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