The Social and Ecological Flexibility of Guinea Baboons: Implications for Guinea Baboon Social Organization and Male Strategies

Galat‐Luong, Anh; Galat, Gérard; Hagell, Suzanne

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-33674-9_5

Cited by 80 publications

(53 citation statements)

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“…The majority of authors found that individuals aggregated in larger groups when travelling and at sleeping sites, while foraging and resting seemed to take place in smaller groups (Boese, ; Dunbar & Nathan, ; Galat‐Luong, Galat, Hagell, & Tuttle, ; Sharman, , but see Bert et al, ; Dupuy & Gaillard, ). Moreover, a number of authors reported OMU‐like subgroups as the smallest entities (Boese, ; Galat‐Luong et al, ; Sharman, ); however, it remained unclear whether these OMUs represent reproductive units as in hamadryas baboons (Kummer, ). Based on observations collected from captive Guinea baboons, Maestripieri, Mayhew, Carlson, Hoffman, and Radtke () assumed the existence of OMUs, while Sharman () conducted nearest‐neighbor analyses and found that females tended to associate most frequently with juveniles and other females.…”

Section: Early Studies On Guinea Baboonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, he reported that Guinea baboon females were in the company of an adult male less frequently than expected by chance (given the adult sex‐ratio in the troops), which also spoke against the idea that the Guinea baboon society consisted of female social groups bonded to a specific adult male, as in geladas ( Theropithecus gelada ). Some authors noted aggressive herding in Guinea baboons, as in hamadryas baboons (Boese, ; Maestripieri et al, ), while others did not (Galat‐Luong et al, ; Sharman, ). Yet, several authors reported that females moved freely between subgroups (Boese, ; Dunbar & Nathan, ; Galat‐Luong et al, ; Maestripieri et al, ; Sharman, ).…”

Section: Early Studies On Guinea Baboonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some authors noted aggressive herding in Guinea baboons, as in hamadryas baboons (Boese, ; Maestripieri et al, ), while others did not (Galat‐Luong et al, ; Sharman, ). Yet, several authors reported that females moved freely between subgroups (Boese, ; Dunbar & Nathan, ; Galat‐Luong et al, ; Maestripieri et al, ; Sharman, ). Boese () speculated that the Guinea baboon social organization represents an evolutionary precursor to the more rigid multi‐layered social organization of hamadryas baboons, while Sharman () suggested that the Guinea baboons are more similar to savanna baboons.…”

Section: Early Studies On Guinea Baboonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Charting the neglected West: The social system of Guinea baboons

Fischer

Kopp

Pesco

et al. 2017

American J Phys Anthropol

109

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Objectives: Primate social systems are remarkably diverse, and thus play a central role in understanding social evolution, including the biological origin of human societies. Although baboons have been prominently featured in this context, historically little was known about the westernmost member of the genus, the Guinea baboon (Papio papio). Material and Methods:Here, we summarize the findings from the first years of observations at the field site CRP Simenti in the Niokolo Koba National Park in Senegal.Results: Guinea baboons reveal a nested multi-level social organization, with reproductive units comprising one "primary" male, one to several females, young, and occasionally "secondary" males at the base of the society. Three to five units form "parties," which team up with other parties to form a "gang." Different gangs have largely overlapping home ranges and agonistic interactions between different parties or gangs are rare. Some but not all strongly socially bonded males are highly related, and population genetic and behavioral evidence indicate female-biased dispersal.Females play an important role in intersexual bond formation and maintenance, and female tenure length varies between a few weeks to several years.Discussion: While the social organization resembles that of hamadryas baboons (P. hamadryas), the social structure differs considerably, specifically in terms of low male aggressiveness and female freedom. Despite substantial differences in social organization and social structure, the acoustic structure of Guinea baboon vocalizations does not differ substantially from that of other baboon taxa. With its multi-level organization, stable bonds between males and females, as well as a high-degree of male-male cooperation and tolerance, Guinea baboons constitute an intriguing model for reconstructing human social evolution.

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Section: Early Studies On Guinea Baboonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Early Studies On Guinea Baboonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Early Studies On Guinea Baboonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Charting the neglected West: The social system of Guinea baboons

Fischer

Kopp

Pesco

et al. 2017

American J Phys Anthropol

109

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…While the hamadryas baboon lives in a resource-poor environment (Kummer, 1968;Schreier & Swedell, 2009), the Guinea baboon lives in a very productive environment with high levels of rainfall, primary productivity and fruit abundance (Anderson & McGrew, 1984;Culot, 2003). There are several similarities between the far western and far eastern subspecies: small stature (Fleagle, (Jolly, 1993) and social structure, namely a form of one male group (Galat-Luong et al 2006;Maestripieri et al 2007). It is thus parsimonious to regard these traits as ancestral, retained when baboons radiated into the north-eastern and -western corners of sub-Saharan Africa; the presence of the larger bodied olive baboon midway between the Guinea and hamadryas baboons may well be due to a later expansion of the ancestor of P. h. anubis (Jolly, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogeographic variation in the baboon: dissecting the cline

2013

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All species demonstrate intraspecific anatomical variation. While generalisations such as Bergman's and Allen's rules have attempted to explain the geographic structuring of variation with some success, recent work has demonstrated limited support for these in certain Old World monkeys. This study extends this research to the baboon: a species that is widely distributed across sub-Saharan Africa and exhibits clinal variation across an environmentally disparate range. This study uses trend surface analysis to map the pattern of skull variation in size and shape in order to visualise the main axes of morphological variation. Patterns of shape and sizecontrolled shape are compared to highlight morphological variation that is underpinned by allometry alone. Partial regression is used to dissociate the effects of environmental terms, such as rainfall, temperature and spatial position. The diminutive Kinda baboon is outlying in size, so analyses were carried out with and without this taxon. Skull size variation demonstrates an east-west pattern, with small animals at the two extremes and large animals in Central and Southern Africa. Shape variation demonstrates the same geographical pattern as skull size, with small-sized animals exhibiting classic paedomorphic morphology. However, an additional northsouth axis of variation emerges. After controlling for skull size, the diminutive Kinda baboon is no longer an outlier for size and shape. Also, the east-west component is no longer evident and discriminant function analysis shows an increased misclassification of adjacent taxa previously differentiated by size. This demonstrates the east-west component of shape variation is underpinned by skull size, while the north-south axis is not. The latter axis is explicable in phylogenetic terms: baboons arose in Southern Africa and colonised East and West Africa to the north, diverging in the process, aided by climate-mediated isolating mechanisms. Environmental terms appear poorly correlated with shape variation compared with geography. This might indicate that there is no simple environment-morphology association, but certainly demonstrates that phylogenetic history is an overbearing factor in baboon morphological variation.

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“…PNNK is located in the south eastern part of Senegal and borders Guinea to the south. While poaching threatens several species of native wildlife in the park and has reduced their numbers, the park’s population of Guinea baboons is stable and on the rise [ 10 ]. The study area lies next to the ‘Centre de Recherche de Primatologie’ (CRP) at Simenti (GPS N13.026111, W13.294722), which is located next to the Gambia River.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Prevalence of Antibodies against the Bacterium Treponema pallidum in Senegalese Guinea Baboons (Papio papio)

et al. 2015

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The bacterium Treponema pallidum is known to cause syphilis (ssp. pallidum), yaws (ssp. pertenue), and endemic syphilis (ssp. endemicum) in humans. Nonhuman primates have also been reported to be infected with the bacterium with equally versatile clinical manifestations, from severe skin ulcerations to asymptomatic. At present all simian strains are closely related to human yaws-causing strains, an important consideration for yaws eradication. We tested clinically healthy Guinea baboons (Papio papio) at Parc National Niokolo Koba in south eastern Senegal for the presence of anti-T. pallidum antibodies. Since T. pallidum infection in this species was identified 50 years ago, and there has been no attempt to treat non-human primates for infection, it was hypothesized that a large number of West African baboons are still infected with simian strains of the yaws-bacterium. All animals were without clinical signs of treponematoses, but 18 of 20 (90%) baboons tested positive for antibodies against T. pallidum based on treponemal tests. Yet, Guinea baboons seem to develop no clinical symptoms, though it must be assumed that infection is chronic or comparable to the latent stage in human yaws infection. The non-active character is supported by the low anti-T. pallidum serum titers in Guinea baboons (median = 1:2,560) versus serum titers that are found in genital-ulcerated olive baboons with active infection in Tanzania (range of medians among the groups of initial, moderate, and severe infected animals = 1:15,360 to 1:2.097e+7). Our findings provide evidence for simian infection with T. pallidum in wild Senegalese baboons. Potentially, Guinea baboons in West Africa serve as a natural reservoir for human infection, as the West African simian strain has been shown to cause sustainable yaws infection when inoculated into humans. The present study pinpoints an area where further research is needed to support the currently on-going second WHO led yaws eradication campaign with its goal to eradicate yaws by 2020.

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The Social and Ecological Flexibility of Guinea Baboons: Implications for Guinea Baboon Social Organization and Male Strategies

Cited by 80 publications

References 6 publications

Charting the neglected West: The social system of Guinea baboons

Charting the neglected West: The social system of Guinea baboons

Biogeographic variation in the baboon: dissecting the cline

High Prevalence of Antibodies against the Bacterium Treponema pallidum in Senegalese Guinea Baboons (Papio papio)

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