The So2 Allowance Trading System and the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990: Reflections on Twenty Years of Policy Innovation

Chan, Gabriel; Stavins, Robert N.; Stowe, Robert C.; Sweeney, Richard

doi:10.2139/ssrn.2021010

Cited by 18 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…However, through policy and regulatory mechanisms, ambient air pollution is considered a modifiable risk factor for disease. Environmental policies such as emissions reduction strategies have resulted in decreased population exposure to ambient air pollution (Chan et al, ; National Research Council (NRC), ), which in turn, has been linked to improved population health outcomes (Gauderman et al, ; Lepeule et al, ). However, questions remain regarding the relative benefit of these policies to low versus high SES groups (Cesaroni et al, ; Levy et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health and Environmental Justice Implications of Retiring Two Coal‐Fired Power Plants in the Southern Front Range Region of Colorado

et al. 2019

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Despite improvements in air quality over the past 50 years, ambient air pollution remains an important public health issue in the United States. In particular, emissions from coal‐fired power plants still have a substantial impact on both nearby and regional populations. Of particular concern is the potential for this impact to fall disproportionately on low‐income communities and communities of color. We conducted a quantitative health impact assessment to estimate the health benefits of the proposed decommissioning of two coal‐fired electricity generating stations in the Southern Front Range region of Colorado. We estimated changes in exposures to fine particulate matter and ozone using the Community Multiscale Air Quality model and predicted avoided health impacts and related economic values. We also quantitatively assessed the distribution of these benefits by population‐level socioeconomic status. Across the study area, decommissioning the power plants would result in 2 (95% CI: 1–3) avoided premature deaths each year due to reduced PM2.5 exposures and greater reductions in hospitalizations and other morbidities. Health benefits resulting from the modeled shutdowns were greatest in areas with lower educational attainment and other economic indicators. Our results suggest that decommissioning these power plants and replacing them with zero‐emissions sources could have broad public health benefits for residents of Colorado, with larger benefits for those that are socially disadvantaged. Our results also suggested that researchers and decision makers need to consider the unique demographics of their study areas to ensure that important opportunities to reduce health disparities associated with point‐source pollution.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health and Environmental Justice Implications of Retiring Two Coal‐Fired Power Plants in the Southern Front Range Region of Colorado

et al. 2019

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“…Further research by Bohm [33] and Fisher-vanden [34] pointed out the total cost of environmental protection was kept at minimum through tradable quota. As for practice, America was the first country putting it into practice for managing air pollution with the SO 2 allowance-trading program to address the threat of acid rain in the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 [35]. Besides, carbon emission has set up systematic framework [36] and three well-run mechanisms, namely IET, CDM and JI.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pricing Industrial Discharge Quota (IDQ): A Model Reflecting Opportunity Cost of Performing Ecological Responsibility

Xieer

Chen

et al. 2018

Sustainability

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Abstract:The upper reaches of a river system are often trapped in the dilemma of choosing between industrial development and headwater protection. One of the solutions is eco-compensation, which, however, is a public-fiscal arrangement lacking inspiration and sustainability. Instead, industrial discharge quota (IDQ) was put forward as a marketized approach: the maximum industrial discharge a river can afford is allocated as quotas and quotas are allowed to be traded. However, what pricing principle in the primary market can IDQ price refer to? How can enough incentives be given to local governments when they are reluctant to implement emission reduction policy? Given that some previous studies have proven the influence of fiscal income and reputation on governments' incentives, this paper introduces these into our model as main factors. Through analysis, two models-government model and enterprise model-are formulated based on opportunity cost theory to deal with this problem. The first sets basic prices and the latter notifies enterprises' behaviors. Then, this paper applies our first model to a sample region, Fogang County in Pearl River Basin. The results demonstrate that the upstream can obtain adequate compensation for their opportunity loss and local governments can be with strong motivation by our method.

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“…One of the largest, longest running and most successful schemes is the SO 2 cap-and-trade scheme in the United States, established in the 1990s to help address acid rain problems. This facilitated lower emissions at a much lower cost than using command-and-control approaches (Chan et al, 2012). The EU emissions trading scheme (EU-ETS), established in the mid-2000s, is by far the largest carbon pricing regime in operation, covering about half of all CO 2 emissions from 30 countries.…”

Section: Appropriate Pricing Of Pollution and Support For Renewable Ementioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, mandating technology standards with a view to reducing emissions that are also covered by a trading scheme reduces the scope for firms to select the least costly mitigation method. In this regard it is telling that the highly successful United States' SO 2 ETS largely avoided imposing supplementary mandates (Chan et al, 2012). A further consideration in designing an efficient and effective trading scheme are interactions with taxes and charges that directly or indirectly penalise the same emissions.…”

Section: Box 2 Key Features Of Effective Carbon Emissions Pricingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reforms for a Cleaner, Healthier Environment in China

Hill

2013

OECD Economics Department Working Papers

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The So2 Allowance Trading System and the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990: Reflections on Twenty Years of Policy Innovation

Cited by 18 publications

References 41 publications

Health and Environmental Justice Implications of Retiring Two Coal‐Fired Power Plants in the Southern Front Range Region of Colorado

Health and Environmental Justice Implications of Retiring Two Coal‐Fired Power Plants in the Southern Front Range Region of Colorado

Pricing Industrial Discharge Quota (IDQ): A Model Reflecting Opportunity Cost of Performing Ecological Responsibility

Reforms for a Cleaner, Healthier Environment in China

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