The So-Called ‘Platinum’ Inclusions in Egyptian Goldwork

Ogden, Jack M.

doi:10.1177/030751337606200116

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Позднее Дж. Огден [Ogden, 1976[Ogden, , 1977 дал всесторонний обзор включений минералов семейства платиноидов в древ-них золотых изделиях. Автор пришел к заключению, что корреляция золота, из которого они изготовлены, с его источниками трудновыполнима.…”

Section: история вопросаunclassified

Platinoid Microinclusions of Native Osmium Group in Ancient Gold Artifacts From Siberia and Urals as a Source of Geoarchaeological Information

Zaykov

Yablonsky

Dashkovsky

et al. 2016

Arheol. ètnogr. antropol. Evrazii

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Section: история вопросаunclassified

Platinoid Microinclusions of Native Osmium Group in Ancient Gold Artifacts From Siberia and Urals as a Source of Geoarchaeological Information

Zaykov

Yablonsky

Dashkovsky

et al. 2016

Arheol. ètnogr. antropol. Evrazii

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“…Since the publication by Petrie and Quibell in 1896 [10], other authors have referred to the presence of PGE inclusions on the surface of Egyptian goldwork, mentioning their quite heterogeneous compositions [5,12,13]. In spite of the discovery of Os-rich and Os-Ir alloy minerals in the Eastern Desert [14], the PGE mineralogy of Egypt remains very poorly documented.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multi-analytical approach to gold in Ancient Egypt: Studies on provenance and corrosion

Tissot

Troalen

Manso

et al. 2015

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

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Recent results from a three-year multi-disciplinary project on Ancient Egyptian gold jewellery revealed that items of jewellery from the Middle Kingdom to the New Kingdom were manufactured using a variety of alluvial gold alloys. These alloys cover a wide range of colours and the majority contain Platinum Group Elements inclusions. However, in all the gold foils analysed, these inclusions were found to be absent. In this work a selection of gilded wood and leather items and gold foil fragments, all from the excavations by John Garstang at Abydos (primarily from Middle Kingdom graves), were examined using Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Disperse Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-Ray Fluorescence (μXRF), Particle Induced X-Ray Emission (µPIXE) and Double Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (D 2 XRF). The work allowed us to characterise the composition of the base-alloys and also to reveal the presence of Pt at trace levels, confirming the use of alluvial gold deposits. Corrosion products were also investigated in the foils where surface tarnish was visually observed. Results showed that the differences in the colour of corrosion observed for the foils are related not only to the thickness of the corrosion layer but also to a multi-layer structure containing the various corrosion products.

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“…The few published works focusing on the analysis of Ancient Egyptian jewellery have demonstrated that the majority of the alloys employed in the workshops are made using alluvial gold and electrum, generally containing PGE inclusions and small amounts of Cu. [4,19,27,[29][30][31][32] In addition, the amounts of Ag in gold from Egyptian deposits were proven to match the composition of gilding foils from Middle Kingdom tombs excavated in the cemetery at Abydos. [33] The alloys employed in the manufacture of the group of jewellery from tomb 124 at Riqqa are electrum alloys containing high Ag contents and rather low Cu contents (between 1 and 3 wt%).…”

Section: Gold Sources and Pge Inclusionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[46,47] The high-purity gold observed for tomb 296 could correspond to the suggested 18th Dynasty change of gold supplies based on the representation of gold dust and cast rings in wall-paintings. [29]…”

Section: Figure 10mentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical study of the Middle Kingdom group of gold jewellery from tomb 124 at Riqqa, Egypt

et al. 2019

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The jewellery from tomb 124 at Riqqa, consisting of one pectoral and one winged beetle in gold and cloisonné work, one gold shell pendant decorated with wires and granulation, and one hollow gold amulet in the form of god Min, was analysed by handheld X‐ray fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. This group of jewellery, dated to the second half of the 12th Dynasty (c. 1900–1840 B.C.), was excavated inside the coffin of an adult male, which had been crushed after burial by the collapse of the chamber roof during an episode of looting. Both the male and the looter's body were found inside the chamber, evidencing that the group of jewellery was intact. Despite having been highly restored in the past, as referenced in the correspondence between the excavator Flinders Petrie and the curators of the Manchester Museum, it could be shown that the jewellery was produced using Ag‐rich electrum alloys containing platinum group element inclusions that indicate the use of alluvial gold. The analysis of some joins has confirmed the use of hard‐soldering, with solders obtained by addition of Cu to the base‐alloy. Data obtained for the jewellery of tomb 124 were compared with data previously obtained for tomb 296, also excavated at Riqqa, but dated to the 18th Dynasty. The comparison demonstrates the continuity of the workshop traditions in one location between the Middle Kingdom and the New Kingdom but also reveals discrepancies in the alloys employed in those two periods.

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The So-Called ‘Platinum’ Inclusions in Egyptian Goldwork

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Platinoid Microinclusions of Native Osmium Group in Ancient Gold Artifacts From Siberia and Urals as a Source of Geoarchaeological Information

Platinoid Microinclusions of Native Osmium Group in Ancient Gold Artifacts From Siberia and Urals as a Source of Geoarchaeological Information

A multi-analytical approach to gold in Ancient Egypt: Studies on provenance and corrosion

Analytical study of the Middle Kingdom group of gold jewellery from tomb 124 at Riqqa, Egypt

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