The Snoring Spectrum

Wilson, Kristina; Stoohs, Riccardo; Mulrooney, Thomas F.; Johnson, Lewis W.; Guilleminault, Christian; Huang, Zhen

doi:10.1378/chest.115.3.762

Cited by 119 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…excessive daytime sleepiness and falling asleep while watching TV. This result is in agreement with the findings of Wilson et al [15] suggesting more sleep fragmentation in loud as compared with light snoring patients. When adjusted for age, central obesity and the other factors detected by the univariate analysis, three questionnaire responses, i.e.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…We found a very important age difference (loud snorers being nearly 5 years older), a significantly higher index of central obesity (W/H ratio) and a borderline larger BMI in loud snorers. Our results concerning the W/H ratio confirm the observation of Wilson et al [15 ]who reported an increase in loud snoring related to the weight of patients referred to a sleep laboratory. The difference in age between the two groups is in favour of the concept of heavy snorers’ disease proposed by Lugaresi et al [16], according to which a continuum development from light, intermittent snoring to habitual and loud snoring exists.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Habitual Loud Snoring. A Study of Prevalence and Associations in 850 Middle-Aged French Males

Teculescu

Benamghar²,

Hannhart³

et al. 2006

Respiration

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Background: Most studies on habitual snoring have focused on its prevalence. However, from the clinical point of view, the intensity of snoring is of upmost importance, as it suggests the existence of sleep apnoeas. Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of loud snoring using a standard questionnaire and to evaluate the anthropometric and sleep characteristic differences between loud and light snorers in a sample of middle-aged males. Methods: The subjects were middle-aged active male employees. They completed a structured sleep questionnaire and had standard anthropometric measurements. Subjects reporting habitual snoring (≧3 nights/week) were further classified as loud or light snorers. Results: Of the 850 male subjects volunteering, 149 (17.5%) were habitual loud snorers. Loud snorers were older and had a greater waist-to-hip ratio as compared with light snorers. In univariate analysis, loud snoring was associated with gasping/snorting during sleep, breathing stops during sleep, waking up too early, excessive daytime sleepiness and falling asleep while watching TV. Logistic regression identified four independent associates of loud snoring: gasping during sleep, excessive daytime sleepiness, falling asleep watching TV and age. Conclusions: Loud snoring is present in a significant proportion of middle-aged men and is associated with central obesity and age. It disturbs sleep and elicits significant daytime sleepiness. Its association with breathing pauses (univariate) and its independent association with gasping during sleep suggests that loud snoring could be considered a clinical correlate of obstructive sleep apnoeas.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Habitual Loud Snoring. A Study of Prevalence and Associations in 850 Middle-Aged French Males

Teculescu

Benamghar²,

Hannhart³

et al. 2006

Respiration

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Perhaps the main problem in the objective study of snoring is the absence of a suitable definition of snoring. In line with other authors, snores were defined on the basis of intensity and duration of sound [25,27,28]. A snore was defined as any sound whose intensity exceeded a certain threshold (w45 dB SPL), lasting w1 s. The 45 dB SPL measurement threshold employed in the current study seems to be adequate, considering the average intensity obtained (53.5 ¡ 4.8 dB SPL).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…The average recording time in this study was 25.51 ¡ 4.51 h pre-treatment and 23.97 ¡ 0.98 h post-treatment, corresponding to four consecutive nights. Most studies report recording times between 2-8 h [25,27]. Finally, problems can arise at each patient9s home due to a lack of supervision.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty for snoring: does it meet the expectations?

Larrosa

Hernández²,

Morelló³

et al. 2004

European Respiratory Journal

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The high prevalence of habitual snoring (35% of the general population) and the increasing demand for an effective treatment have led, in the last decade, to the generalisation of laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty (LAUP). However, acceptable studies on its effectiveness are lacking.The present randomised, placebo-controlled study included 25 nonapnoeic and mild obstructive sleep apnoea snorers to evaluate LAUP effectiveness for snoring. Group I received a one-stage LAUP treatment and group II a placebo (simulated snore surgery followed by an oral placebo). Before each treatment and 3 months after, the variables and procedures assessed were: body weight; sleepiness (Epworth sleepiness scale); quality of life (SF-36); subjective snoring intensity (0-10 analogue scale); objective snoring intensity (average decibel intensity); snoring index (number of snores per hour); and apnoea/hypopnea index.No differences were observed in body weight, sleepiness, quality of life, subjective and objective intensity, and frequency of snoring, and apnoea/hypopnea index between the groups before and 3 months after treatment.In conclusion, this study provides evidence of the lack of effectiveness of one-stage laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty for snoring in nonapnoeic and mild obstructive sleep apnoea patients, with the result that it does not meet the expectations generated by the procedure. Laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty (LAUP) is an outpatient procedure that involves partial resection of the uvula and soft palate using a laser. It is usually offered as a treatment for snoring or as an alternative treatment in mild obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). However, methodologically accepted studies on the effectiveness of this treatment are limited since randomised placebo-controlled studies are lacking [1]. The high prevalence of habitual snoring (35% of the general population) [2] and the increasing demand for an effective treatment have led, in the last decade, to the generalisation of LAUP. Its indication has probably been favoured by the widespread belief that surgical procedures are more decisive. Furthermore, disparate results concerning this procedure have been published on the basis of objective measurements of snoring before and after treatment [3][4][5]. This, together with the potential risks and complications of LAUP [1], has cast doubt on the need for treating nonapnoeic snorers [6], and the high cost of treating a growing number of patients has led to the usefulness of LAUP being challenged. Thus, further evidence in support of this treatment is warranted. Accordingly, the authors of the present study conducted a prospective, randomised, placebo-controlled study in patients whose main symptom was disruptive snoring (male sex, age range 30-60 yrs, body mass index (BMI) range 25-30 kg?m -2 , apnoea/ hypopnea index (AHI) f30 and considered to be palatal snorers) to evaluate the effect of LAUP in relieving snoring both subjectively and objectively. Material and methods Study subjectsEntry criteria specified: an initial c...

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“…The severity of these items in the history correlates with the severity of sleep study–proven OSA [5, Class I]. It should be recognized that patients with a known diagnosis of OSA who have undergone uvulopalatopharyngoplasty and no longer snore may still have residual OSA and may warrant further evaluation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%