The SNAP-Ed Evaluation Framework: demonstrating the impact of a national framework for obesity prevention in low-income populations

Naja-Riese, Andy; Keller, Kimberly; Bruno, Pamela; Foerster, Susan B.; Puma, Jini; Whetstone, Lauren; MkNelly, Barbara; Cullinen, Kathleen; Jacobs, Laurel; Sugerman, Sharon

doi:10.1093/tbm/ibz115

Cited by 30 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…4 Starting in 2013, a selected group of states, FNS staff, and other experts worked together through the National Collaborative on Childhood Obesity Research to develop the SNAP-Ed Evaluation Framework (Framework); it was introduced nationwide with its companion interactive Interpretive Guide for the 2017 federal fiscal year. 5,6 The Framework was designed to provide clear outcome indicators for each level of the Social Ecological Model, 7 with the addition of the population level, and help SIAs track large-scale change over time. Figure 1 shows the 51 Framework outcomes from which SIAs can choose, based on their state's needs assessments, priorities, and resources.…”

Section: Development Of Snap-ed Evaluation Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An accompanying Interpretive Guide is designed as a living document to help program planners link each outcome indicator with specific measures and evaluation tools. 5,6 In 2017, FNS specified 7 priority indicators that all SIAs were encouraged to address in the first year of Framework implementation.…”

Section: Development Of Snap-ed Evaluation Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Longterm outcomes are defined as those persisting for 6 months or more. 5,6 Figure 2 shows that the percent of SIAs intending to impact the indicators ranged from 22% to 95%, and intent to evaluate ranged from 3% to 90%. Most intended to work on medium-term individual behavior change indicators, ranging from 75% to 95% of all SIAs planning to impact and 65% to 90% planning to evaluate them.…”

Section: Individual Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The SNAP-Ed Evaluation Framework: Nationwide Uptake and Implications for Nutrition Education Practice, Policy, and Research

Puma

Young

Foerster

et al. 2021

Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior

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Objective: Provide the first baseline census of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education (SNAP-Ed) state implementing agencies' (SIAs) intent to use and evaluate 51 indicators described in the SNAP-Ed Evaluation Framework. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used to administer electronic surveys to 124 SIAs who received SNAP-Ed funding in 2017. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the results. Results: Of 51 indicators, SIAs reported their intent to impact an average of 19 indicators and evaluate an average of 12. More SIAs reported the intention to impact indicators at the individual (59%) and environmental levels (48%), compared with the sectors of influence (20%) and population levels (30%) of the framework. In addition, more SIAs intended to impact and evaluate short-or medium-term indicators, compared with long-term indicators. Conclusions and Implications: These findings illustrate the progress made toward aggregating metrics to measure the collective impact of SNAP-Ed.

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Section: Development Of Snap-ed Evaluation Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Development Of Snap-ed Evaluation Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Individual Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The SNAP-Ed Evaluation Framework: Nationwide Uptake and Implications for Nutrition Education Practice, Policy, and Research

Puma

Young

Foerster

et al. 2021

Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior

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“…Implementation research is also crucial to assess and optimize intended benefits of the numerous federal policies and investments around public communication and education, including the DGAs, food labeling, health claims, menu labeling, and SNAP-Ed. This should include coordinated research efforts on evidence-based nutrition education and promotion strategies for healthy populations (the current focus of the DGAs), those with specific diet-related illnesses (the majority of the US population, but not included in the DGAs), and those with resource limitations and food insecurity ( 194 , 259 , 260 ). Understanding how and why effectiveness of communication channels may vary, such as according to print or health literacy, numeracy, culture, income, or neighborhood (e.g., food access), is critical.…”

Section: The Opportunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Strengthening national nutrition research: rationale and options for a new coordinated federal research effort and authority

Fleischhacker

Woteki

Coates

et al. 2020

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background The US faces remarkable food and nutrition challenges. A new federal effort to strengthen and coordinate nutrition research could rapidly generate the evidence base needed to address these multiple national challenges. However, the relevant characteristics of such an effort have been uncertain. Objectives Our aim was to provide an objective, informative summary of 1) the mounting diet-related health burdens facing our nation and corresponding economic, health equity, national security, and sustainability implications; 2) the current federal nutrition research landscape and existing mechanisms for its coordination; 3) the opportunities for and potential impact of new fundamental, clinical, public health, food and agricultural, and translational scientific discoveries; and 4) the various options for further strengthening and coordinating federal nutrition research, including corresponding advantages, disadvantages, and potential executive and legislative considerations. Methods We reviewed government and other published documents on federal nutrition research; held various discussions with expert groups, advocacy organizations, and scientific societies; and held in-person or phone meetings with >50 federal staff in executive and legislative roles, as well as with a variety of other stakeholders in academic, industry, and nongovernment organizations. Results Stark national nutrition challenges were identified. More Americans are sick than are healthy, largely from rising diet-related illnesses. These conditions create tremendous strains on productivity, health care costs, health disparities, government budgets, US economic competitiveness, and military readiness. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has further laid bare these strains, including food insecurity, major diet-related comorbidities for poor outcomes from COVID-19 such as diabetes, hypertension, and obesity, and insufficient surveillance on and coordination of our food system. More than 10 federal departments and agencies currently invest in critical nutrition research, yet with relatively flat investments over several decades. Coordination also remains suboptimal, documented by multiple governmental reports over 50 years. Greater harmonization and expansion of federal investment in nutrition science, not a silo-ing or rearrangement of existing investments, has tremendous potential to generate new discoveries to improve and sustain the health of all Americans. Two identified key strategies to achieve this were as follows: 1) a new authority for robust cross-governmental coordination of nutrition research and other nutrition-related policy and 2) strengthened authority, investment, and coordination for nutrition research within the NIH. These strategies were found to be complementary, together catalyzing important new science, partnerships, coordination, and returns on investment. Additional complementary actions to accelerate federal nutrition research were identified at the USDA. Conclusions The need and opportunities for strengthened federal nutrition research are clear, with specific identified options to help create the new leadership, strategic planning, coordination, and investment the nation requires to address the multiple nutrition-related challenges and grasp the opportunities before us.

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“…The United States Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program—Education (SNAP-Ed) is the nation’s largest nutrition education and obesity prevention program. 1 In 2017, 33.1% of California’s population (approximately 12.8 million persons), were eligible for SNAP-Ed, 2 defined as living in a household with an income ≤185% of the federal poverty level.…”

Section: Purposementioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Behaviors and Obesity of Children From Low-Income Households by Gender of Caregiver and Child

Molitor

Doerr

2020

Am J Health Promot

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Purpose: To investigate the empirical support for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program-Education’s (SNAP-Ed) focus on mothers versus fathers by examining children’s risk and protective behaviors for obesity, and obesity status, by gender of primary caregiver and by caregiver-by-child gender dyads. Approach: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Random sample of SNAP-Ed eligible households (≤ 185% of the federal poverty level) across California. Participants: 2,242 children and their caregivers (17.8% male): the adult who prepares the meals or buys the food for the children. Measures: Cups of fruits and vegetables, water, sugar-sweetened beverages; teaspoons of added sugars; kilocalories; and food-only energy density, assessed through 24-hour dietary recall interviews. Dichotomous outcome was childhood obesity. Covariates were children’s race/ethnicity and age, and caregivers’ obesity status. Results: Only one outcome was related to caregiver gender: male versus female caregivers’ children consumed fewer kilocalories (P = 0.053). Caregiver-by-child gender analyses revealed female caregivers’ sons consumed more kilocalories overall ( Ps < 0.02), and added sugars than female caregivers’ daughters ( P = 0.001) and male caregivers’ sons ( P = 0.018). Female caregivers’ daughters versus sons reported diets lower in food-only energy density ( P = 0.004) and were less likely to be obese (23.7% versus 28.7%; aOR = 0.78, P = 0.035). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that SNAP-Ed’s focus on mothers rather than fathers is justified, but more effective childhood nutrition education and obesity prevention efforts should target families with female caregivers of male children.

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The SNAP-Ed Evaluation Framework: demonstrating the impact of a national framework for obesity prevention in low-income populations

Abstract: The SNAP-Ed Evaluation Framework offers a new suite of evaluation measures toward eliminating disparities that contribute to poor diet, physical inactivity, food insecurity and obesity.

Cited by 30 publications

References 15 publications

The SNAP-Ed Evaluation Framework: Nationwide Uptake and Implications for Nutrition Education Practice, Policy, and Research

The SNAP-Ed Evaluation Framework: Nationwide Uptake and Implications for Nutrition Education Practice, Policy, and Research

Strengthening national nutrition research: rationale and options for a new coordinated federal research effort and authority

Dietary Behaviors and Obesity of Children From Low-Income Households by Gender of Caregiver and Child

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