The purpose of the study is a historicо-philosophical interpretation of the archetypes of personality as symbolic images of the collective unconscious in the receptive field of psychoanalytic views of Carl Gustav Jung. The methodological basis of the study is the such general scientific principles: interdisciplinary approach, the principle of objectivity, the principle of integrity and general philosophical methods: psychoanalytic method; phenomenological method; hermeneutic method. Scientific novelty of the study consists in the fact that within the Jungian analytical psychology to the author managed to carry out historico-philosophical reconstruction of ideas about the archetypes of personality, as myth-making constructs that fill the gaps between conscious and unconscious instance and reveal the symbolic meaning of archetypal figures, which are translators of generic information. In the course of the study were obtained the following conclusions: (1) determined that the collective unconscious is a fraction that consists of structural components-archetypes, which are able to establish the internal relationship between the individual and the world around him and directly influence his worldview and behavior, which is accompanied by radical mood swings (emotional lability); (2) emphasized that the individual, as a conscious subject in order to reach maturity on a psychological level must go beyond «comfort zone», that is go through the «path of the hero» and to win their inner demons, overcoming their own fears, phobias and complexes; (3) substantiated that the archetypes are archaic images, which breaks through the «defense» of consciousness and affects the fate and life activities of human; (4) emphasized that the predominance in the collective unconscious of animal archetypes and instincts can negatively affect the human psyche and lead to the decentration of the subject (according to P.–M. Foucault), that is to the splitting of the personality; (5) analyzed the specificity of archetypes аs integrated images of own «Ego», which are reduced to universal mythologies (lat. summa summarum) and are common to the cultures of different peoples of the world; (6) found that the transcendental function is a link between conscious and unconscious structure, which in their collide is able to «painlessly» neutralize the effects of internal conflict.